Background: Hepatic encephalopathy is defined as a neuropsychiatric brain dysfunction in acute or chronic liver failure. Infection and inflammation have crucial role in its pathophysiology. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the relationship between toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and the encephalopathy induced with endotoxin in biliary cirrhotic rats. Methods: The present stud...

how to cite this article: malak m, barzgar m. baclofen induced encephalopathy in a 6-year-old boy with advanced renal failure. iran j child neurol. spring 2015;9(2):61-63.   abstract baclofen is a drug for many diseases for all ages, but it is hazardous in patients with renal failure. this article talks about a case of baclofen overdose in a child with renal failure. a 6-year-old boy admitted t...

a 33 yr old man, previously diagnosed with hypothyroidism, presented with decreased level of consciousness and generalized tonic-clonic (gtc) seizure to namazi hospital, shiraz, iran, during april 2015. the patient later referred with another episode of seizure like attack for which he received phenytoin, carbamazepine and levothyroxine and was discharged. during his last admission, the patient...

Background: Bilirubin encephalopathy is a clinical syndrome, associated with bilirubin toxicity in the central nervous system, resulting in chronic and permanent sequelae. It has been estimated that approximately 60% and 80% of term and preterm newborns develop jaundice in the first week of life, respectively. In the present study, we aimed to determine the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality ...

Surgery for portal hypertension began in 1877, with Nicolai Vladirmirovich who performed the fi rst portacaval anastomosis. There was little clinical success until Blakemore and Whipple between the 1920’s and 1940’s: the mortality rate ranged from 25-40%. Hepatic encephalopathy was a clinical problem. In 1960, Warren and collegues performed a distal splenorenal shunt, which reduced the incidenc...

1. Choi IS. Delayed neurologic sequelae in carbon monoxide intoxication. Arch Neurol. 1983;40:433—5. 2. Hu H, Pan X, Wan Y, Zhang Q, Liang W. Factors affecting the prognosis of patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Am J Emerg Med. 2011;29: 261—4. 3. Hsiao CL, Kuo HC, Huang CC. Delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide intoxication long-term prognosis and...