OBJECTIVE Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a major public health burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries. There is limited data on RTIs in low-volume, rural African settings. This study attempted to survey all individuals living in households within 200 m of two low-volume rural roads in Tanzania and to collect data on RTIs. METHODS Local communities and users of the Bago to Ta...

Within the road system, there are compliant road users who may make an error that leads to a crash, resulting in a 'system failure', and there are also road users who deliberately take risks and display dangerous or 'extreme' behaviours that lead to a crash. Crashes resulting from system failures can be addressed through improvements to road system design more readily than crashes resulting fro...

This paper uses the context of a longitudinal rural study, which examined the extent of psychological trauma and predictors of that trauma following road accidents, to highlight issues for road accident survivors. It then outlines what counselling and psychological services are currently offered to road accident victims by the insurance companies and by a voluntary agency, the Road Trauma Suppo...

Transportation infrastructure is a major source of stormwater runoff that can alter hydrology and contribute significant loading of nutrients, sediment, and other pollutants to surface waters. These increased loads can contribute to impairment of streams in developed areas and ultimately to Lake Champlain. In this study we selected six watersheds that represent a range of road types (gravel and...

Dinghai district, the central area of Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, lies on the biggest island of Zhoushan Archipelago. Owing to its marvelous island feature, Zhoushan has been attracting more and more people to Island Tourism, Agricultural Tourism and Culture Tourism. Shuangxiao Road is a transportation line through suburban area connecting the south to the north. However, the vicinity of Shuan...

Despite a broad consensus that high transportation costs are a large barrier to economic development, many of the world’s poor live in rural communities without paved roads, impeding their access to outside markets and public services. Nevertheless, the impact of rural roads on economic activity has proven difficult for economists to assess. We first motivate our empirical approach by demonstra...

During times of extreme storm events, access to rural areas involves bi-directional flow: (1) Evacuation of able-bodied individuals from affected areas and (2) Access to the affected areas by emergency and rescue personnel. Impediments to ready access to the affected areas vary from those associated with pre-storm such as road congestion/accidents and pristine road surface deterioration, to mid...

This study intends to provide insight into pedestrian accidents by uncovering their patterns in order to design preventive measures and to allocate resources for identified problems. Kohonen neural networks are applied to a database of pedestrian fatal accidents occurred during the four-year period between 2003 and 2006. Results show the existence of five pedestrian accident patterns: (i) elder...