introduction since the introduction of development to countries after the second world war, this process has been the most significant issue, especially in developing countries. the realization of development demands exploiting the talents, capacities and active participation of people in different stages of development process, so that development and participation are considered to be interwo...

introduction social trust is an important issue in development matter. it is a new mater and concept in development in general and rural development in particular. dimensions of social trust are the most important purpose for bi-lateral and multi-lateral behaviors. people trust to each other to make relation and through this way they learnt that without participation and cooperation they cannot...

extended abstract 1. introduction rural development programs are considered as parts of national development and economical programs in different countries to achieve a sustainable and all-embracing development. the collaboration of private sector and local communities with government for implementing the projects, especially when they, themselves, are investing, increase the success rate of th...

Although attention has been given to how broadband access is related to economic development in rural areas, scant consideration has been given to how it may be associated with voluntary participation. This issue is important in that numerous studies have shown how much more vital community participation is in rural areas as compared to suburban and urban places. Drawing on three diverse data s...

People with disability face many constraints that affect their participation in leisure and sports, which can be seen in the gaps in the scientific literature. This study aims to document the specific issues in the leisure and sports participation of people with disability in rural areas. Qualitative research has documented the rurality-related items. Overall, stakeholders (n = 35) working with...

in iran, new centralization characteristic, especially during pahlavi dynasty, has been convergence and its vast use in bureaucracy. historical sociological studies have consensus on the issues of centralization, power centralization, and political sovereignty in iran; however, these issues have some divisional interruptions and different levels of strength in some parts of the history. this es...

Exploring in public policy making of villagers participation is the key point in the scientification and democratization of the policy. This paper takes the deliberative governance model in Zhejiang Province as example to study why and how villagers can participate in rural public policy making and how villagers' wills are taken into account in rural governance in China nowadays. And an effecti...

OBJECTIVES Recreational sports are important leisure activities. However, most studies investigating barrier factors and motivation for participation in recreational sports have been limited to specific areas (e.g., a city or school) or demographic groups (e.g., adolescents). Therefore, this study set out to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the behavioral and socioeconomic factors inf...