In Central Europe up to 85% of the population lives in cities or urban agglomerations (United Nations 2000). This makes the urban climate and its anthropogenic modifications an important issue for planners, scientists and policy makers. The urban climate differs completely from that of rural or forested areas. Since urban surfaces are extremely heterogeneous the interaction with the urban bound...

in the third century, the political multiplicity of iran was influential on various thoughts and expansion of the opposite religious interactions. benefiting from the attention towards the masses of people and equalizing among them, murjae and hanafiae could affect iran and missionaries deeply. in the middle of the third century, with the shafei’s influence in the fascinating cities of ray, ne...

The vas t majority of crimes commit ted against city, suburban, and rural residents in 1983 occurred in the general a r e a where the victims lived. Xowever, suburban dwellers were more likely t o be victims of cr imes of violence within the ci ty limits of the cen t ra l c i t ies of their metropolitan areas (12%) than were ci ty dwellers t o become victims in the suburban a reas surrounding t...

Nowadays, one of the characteristic orientations in social science studies focusing on cities is the ranking of cities, as well as the definition of the world’s leading cities (world cities, global cities) on the basis of various criteria. Central European countries are given just a minor role in these researches, particularly in comparison with German cities with their considerable economic pe...

Access to appropriate health care is often difficult for people living in rural areas because of a widespread shortage of appropriately educated local, rural healthcare workers and the distance, time and cost of travelling to larger urban health centres. This shortage is due to many factors including medical education, practice conditions, health system, regulatory, community, personal, family ...

This is a study on the ecology of poliomyelitis in the State of Connecticut. It has been undertaken to see what the experience with this disease has been in this state, with particular reference to certain local epidemiologic features, such as (a) its geographic, seasonal, and age distribution, and (b) a comparison of the findings with those of typhoid fever. In particular, the effort has been ...

It remains unclear on how transportation network interacts with economic in an urban-rural agglomeration, while such knowledge is crucial for system governance and sustainability. We explored spatial interactions the Zhongyuan Urban-Rural Agglomeration (ZURA) from 1995 to 2015. The structure of was measured by syntax model, that gauged improved gravity model. associations between networks were ...

The rate of urbanization in developing countries, defined as the speed with which a population shifts from rural to urban areas, is among the highest in the world. The disproportionate number of citizens that live in a small numbers of cities places incredible pressure on the largest cities in these countries, which may already be faced with limited resources, weak industrialization, and underd...

BACKGROUND Food security has deteriorated for many people in developing regions facing high and volatile food prices. Without effective and equitable responses, the situation is likely to worsen due to diminishing access to land and water, competition from non-food uses of agricultural products, and the effects of climate change and variability. Understanding how this will affect the burden and...

wildlife management. Based on this information we plan to improve assistance criteria, educational materials, and programs relative to urban audiences. Site Description Across the Midwest, metropolitan areas are growing and converting rural and seminative lands to manicured landscapes. Simultaneously, previously established locations within the urban areas are maturing. Parks and residential ar...