Background Access to clean and safe drinking water is still a problem in developing countries and more pronounced in rural areas. Due to erratic supply of potable, rural dwellers often seek for an alternative source of water to meet their basic water needs. The objective of this study is to monitor the microbiological and physicochemical water quality parameters of Nzhelele River which is a maj...

Agricultural runoff into surface water is a problem in Australia, as it is in arguably all agriculturally active countries. While farm practices and resource management measures are employed to reduce downstream effects, they are often either technically insufficient or practically unsustainable. Therefore, consumers may still be exposed to agrichemicals whenever they turn on the tap. For rural...

Economic valuation of water is useful in the administration and management of water. Population growth and urbanization caused municipal water demand increase in Iran. Limited water resource supply and urban water network capacity raised complexity in water resources management. Present condition suggests using economic value of water as a criterion for allocating policies and feasibility study...

Ten percent of the world population lack access to safe drinking water. In Pakistan 44% of the 180 million population is without access to safe drinking water, 64% of urban and 84% of rural population do not treat their drinking water and consequently waterborne diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity. High stress in the use of ground and surface water, fast growth in populati...

BACKGROUND Large proportions of people still do not have excess to safe drinking water and proper sanitation. METHODS Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to assess the health impacts. Random households were selected. Information was collected from questionnaire through interview schedule method, group discussion and observation checklist. RESULTS People rated water and sanitat...

1. introduction world bank, in a report on our country, has named the following factors as the water challenges facing the country: decrease in per capita recoverable water, loss of water quality, inefficient use of effective consumption monitoring in industry and agriculture, soil salinity, the poor quality of maintenance and preservation of reservoirs, restrictions on the recoverable cost and...

The piped water consumption per capita is more than 142 cubic meters per year in Iran that is higher than the consumption per capita of some water-filled European countries such as Belgium and Austria. The use of drinking water for washing dishes, clothes, cars as well as bathing and watering gardens are of the important reasons for piped water high consumption in Iran. However, different lifes...

BACKGROUND In rural China ~607 million people drink boiled water, yet little is known about prevailing household water treatment (HWT) methods or their effectiveness. Boiling, the most common HWT method globally, is microbiologically effective, but household air pollution (HAP) from burning solid fuels causes cardiovascular and respiratory disease, and black carbon emissions exacerbate climate ...

abstract from 165 millions cubic meters of water which is used in kalat region, 60 millions cubic meters is surface water and 105 millions cubic meters is underground water. most of water needed in this region, is provided by the rivers. there is not any problem for providing water in agricultural section, drinking water and hygiene sections in the region. the most important problem in the regi...