energy carriers including electricity play a critical role in human societies development, and as the time passes, their importance in the human socio-economic life rises. therefore, knowing electricity demand and the factors affecting on it could have an effective role in economic decision-making. while dividing electricity demand into different consuming sectors, this study uses economic vari...

this paper examines the short- and long-run effects of domestic research and development (r&d;) and foreign r&d; (throw the channels of capital goods import and foreign direct investment) on iranian economic growth using of endogenous growth models and bounds test approach to level relationship over the period of 1351-1386. bounds test approach results confirm the existence of long-run relation...

T his paper empirically examines the relationship among exports, foreign direct investment, current account deficit and economic growth in Pakistan during the period 1975-2016.We adopted the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration together with ECM techniques to trace the long-run as well as the short-run relationships. The results demonstrate the existence o...

crude oil price and the u.s. effective exchange rate are two main economic variables that have had real effects on world welfare situation. the aim of this paper is to test whether there is a stable long-run relationship between oil prices and the u.s. dollar, expressed in real term. to this end, we perform co-integration and causality tests between the two variables, using quarterly data from ...