Sheep fitted with rumen and re-entrant duodenal cannulas were given diets of approximately 200 g hay and 400 g concentrate mixture alone, or supplemented daily with 40 g linseed or coconut oils free or protected with formaldehyde-casein in a 5 x 5 Latin-square arrangement. Chromic oxide paper was given as a marker at feeding time and passage to the duodenum of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) and ...

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to investigate the infl uence of feeding rumen-protected CLA during the early growing period on physical and chemical beef properties in young Simmental heifers. A total of 36 heifers (5 mo old; initial BW 185 ± 21 kg) were fed 250 g of different rumen-protected fats daily for 16 wk in 1 of 3 treatment groups: 250 g of a CLA-free control fat; 100 g of ...

Two growth studies were conducted to determine the Met and Lys requirements of growing cattle. In each 84-d trial, steer calves were fed individually diets containing 44% sorghum silage, 44% corn cobs, and 12% supplement (DM basis) at an equal percentage of BW. In Trial 1, 95 crossbred steers (251 kg) were supplemented with urea or meat and bone meal (MBM). Incremental amounts of rumen-protecte...

The effects of coconut oil, crushed whole oilseeds (rapeseed, sun ̄ower seed and linseed) and rumen-protected crystalline fat on methane release, digestion and energy balance in growing lambs were evaluated in relation to an unsupplemented control diet. The diets consisted of maize silage, grass hay and concentrate which was supplemented with the respective lipid source. On average, the ®ve lipi...

Choline is a quasi-vitamin that has a variety of functions in mammalian metabolism. Its major functions are as the predominant phospholipid contained in the membranes of all cells in the body (as phosphatidylcholine), a component of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and as a direct precursor to betaine in methyl metabolism. It is beyond the scope of this paper to review these functions in dep...

The effects of fat supplementation and weaning system on commercial milk yield and milk composition were determined on 129 East Friesian crossbred ewes. Prior to lambing, ewes were randomly assigned to one of two weaning systems. The DY1 system involved weaning of ewes from their lambs within 24 to 36 hr post-partum and then twice-daily machine milking. In the MIX system, ewes had access to the...

Choline [(CH3)3N+CH2CH2OH], also known as trimethyl ethanolamine, is an essential component of mammalian diets as it is required for normal function of cells. It was discovered by Andreas Strecker in 1862, but it remained unrecognized as an essential nutrient for humans until 1998, when dietary reference intakes were established. Choline was initially determined to be essential in the preventio...

Bioavailability of three rumen protected Methionine (Met) sources with different protection methods (Mepron M85, Evonik Industries, Germany; Methioplus, Soda Nutrition, Italy and Methilock, Tehrandaneh Co. Iran) were evaluated in 2 experiments with 6 canulated non-lactating Holstein cows. In experiment 1, the ruminal in situ and mobile bag techniques were used for assessing ruminal degradabilit...

Five experiments evaluated the effects of rumen-protected PUFA supplementation on reproductive function of Bos indicus beef cows. In Exp. 1, 910 lactating primiparous Nelore cows were randomly assigned to receive 0.4 kg/d of a protein-mineral mix in addition to 0.1 kg/d of a rumen-inert PUFA source (PF) or 0.1 kg/d of kaolin (rumen-inert indigestible substance; control), from the beginning of e...