The rumen is an open fermentation chamber, inhabited by microorganisms that anaerobically digest complex components of feedstuffs and generate fermentation products (mainly acids) and microbial cell mass for utilization by the host. The absorption of fermentation products, mainly VFA, from the rumen into the blood, and outflow of microbial cells to the abomasum and small intestine provide the a...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentation dynamics of 2 commonly fed corn (co)products in their intact and defatted forms, using the in vitro gas production (IVGP) technique, and to investigate the shifts of the predominant rumen bacterial populations using the 16S rDNA bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) technique. The bTEFAP technique was used to dete...

Short term in vitro incubations were used to evaluate the effect of fumaric acid bentonite coupled addition on rumen fermentation effeciency. Ruminal contents from five steers were used for preparation of inoculums of mixed rumen microorganisms that were used in generatation of three treatment systems, negative control, fumaric acid treated, and fumaric acid – bentonite coupled treated. The fer...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of inulin [as topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus L.) powder] on in vitro rumen fermentation of diets containing hay and pelleted concentrate for sheep (approximately 60:40%) in artificial rumen (the RUSITEC system). The RUSITEC system consisted of six fermentation vessels. Topinambur powder was added at levels of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1....

The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo ruminal fermentation of micronised wood powder in beef cattle. Micronised wood powder was prepared by pulverizing sapwood of Japanese cedar to a mean particle size of 52 μm. Ruminal fluid from four beef cows was anaerobically incubated with different amounts of micronised wood powder (50, 100, 200, or 400 mg per 30 ml rumen fluid...

The digestion and utilization of roughage by sheep depends on rumen digestion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbe quantity and fermentative efficiency of rumen supplement with molasses-urea. This experiment was conducted in 2014, eight sheep were selected and divided into two groups (a control group and a treatment group), and only the treatment group animals were supplied with m...

This paper deals principally with alteration to the physical form of forage diets and the effect on rumen fermentation. When a forage crop is cut and conserved there are possibilities of (a) changing the physical and chemical characteristics of the forage before it is given and (b) of combining the forage with other food components. T o produce a ruminant ration of high nutrient potential both ...

The aim of this study was to assess the effects five eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. leucoxylon, astringens, sideroxylon, and lehmannii), harvested in spring, autumn, or winter from two Tunisian arboretums, on vitro rumen fermentation methanogenesis. Batch cultures were performed determine kinetics end-product formation after 24 h incubation. foliage sideroxylon lehmannii showe...

The rumen microbial ecosystem produces methane as a result of anaerobic fermentation. Methanogenesis in the rumen is thought to represent a 2-12% loss of energy intake and is estimated to be about 15% of total atmospheric methane emissions. While methanogenesis in the rumen is conducted by methanogens, PCR-based techniques have recently detected many uncultured methanogens which have a broader ...

Leucaena silage was supplemented with different levels of molasses and urea to study its nutritive value and in vitro rumen fermentation efficiency. The ensiling study was randomly assigned according to a 3×3 factorial arrangement in which the first factor was molasses (M) supplement at 0%, 1%, and 2% of crop dry matter (DM) and the second was urea (U) supplement as 0%, 0.5%, and 1% of the crop...