The Condorcet criterion requires a majority winner to be elected whenever it exists. In practice, virtually no social choice procedure or survey research study reports complete pairwise comparisons or a complete ranking of the choice alternatives for each voter, as required by standard majority rule. Thus, majority rule can almost never be computed directly from ballots or survey data. We show ...

It is becoming increasingly apparent that without some form of explanation capability, the full potential of trained Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) may not be realised. The primary purpose of this report is to survey techniques which have been developed to redress this situation. Specifically the survey focuses on mechanisms, procedures, and algorithms designed to insert knowledge into ANNs ...

Several theories exist to explain the source of the bright, millisecond duration pulses known as fast radio bursts (FRBs). If the progenitors of FRBs are non-cataclysmic, such as giant pulses from pulsars, pulsar–planet binaries, or magnetar flares, FRB emission may be seen to repeat. We have undertaken a survey of the fields of eight known FRBs from the High Time Resolution Universe survey to ...

Research, for all its claims to objectivity, cannot sit outside the inuence of broader systems of norms and rules. For instance, the rise in popular credibility of opinion polls, deliberative dialogues and other new techniques of consultation to measure public values and beliefs, happened in counterpoint to the decline in both the credibility and feasibility of elected representatives performi...

We estimated the proportion of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) eligible for Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) using data from the 2000 and 2001 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and an algorithm to determine likely eligibility. We find that CSHCN were more likely to be eligible compared with other children (50 versus 43 percent), and that t...

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), administered annually by the National Center for Health Statistics, is designed to assess the general health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States. Given to several thousands of individuals, the extent of this survey is very broad, covering demographic, laboratory and examination information, as well as ...

While there is great interest in rule based systems and their development, there is little data about the tools and methods used and the issues facing the development of these systems. To address this deficiency, this paper presents the results from a survey of developers of rule based systems. The results from the survey give an overview of the methods and tools used for development and the ma...

In recent years, data mining is a popular analysis tool to extract knowledge from collection of large amount of data. One of the great challenges of data mining is finding hidden patterns without revealing sensitive information. Privacy preservation data mining (PPDM) is answer to such challenges. It is a major research area for protecting sensitive data or knowledge while data mining technique...

E arly or convenience voting—understood in this context to be relaxed administrative rules and procedures by which citizens can cast a ballot at a time and place other than the precinct on Election Day—is a popular candidate for election reformers. Typically, reformers argue that maximization of turnout is a primary goal, and reducing barriers between voters and the polls is an important method...

We derive equilibrium properties of participation in a large family of economic games that take place when players’ information is incomplete. The fact that participation is almost always costly introduces a crucial distinction between players and participants. The number of players is exogenous but the number, or distribution, of participants is part of equilibrium. We assume a quite general s...