During ventricular fibrillation (VF) only 39% of the variation in action potential duration (APD) is accounted for by the previous diastolic interval [DI((n-1))], i.e., restitution, and the previous APD [APD((n-1))], i.e., memory. We tested the hypothesis that a characteristic of the AP upstroke, the maximum rate of depolarization (V(max)), also helps account for its APD. A floating microelectr...

The purpose of the study was to elucidate mechanisms of metformin absorptive transport to explain the dose-dependent absorption observed in humans. Apical (AP) and basolateral (BL) uptake and efflux as well as AP to BL (absorptive) transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers were evaluated over a range of concentrations. Transport was concentration-dependent and consisted of saturable and nonsatura...

Clustering data into meaningful subsets is a major task in scientific analysis. To date, various strategies ranging from model-based approaches to data-driven schemes, have been devised for efficient and accurate clustering. One important class of clustering methods that particular interest the exemplar-based approaches. This primarily stems amount compressed information encoded these exemplars...

Effects of cyclic nucleotides 8-Bromo-cAMP and 8-Bromo-cGMP (membrane permeable analogs of cAMP and cGMP) were examined on action potential (AP) configuration and rate of spontaneous firing of the freshly isolated 3-day embryonic chick ventricle (ECV) to assess the role of L-type slow Ca2+ channels in upstroke of AP and spontaneous electrical activity (pacemaker potential). The 3-day ECV exhibi...

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression is induced by various oxidative stress stimuli including sodium arsenite. Since mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in stress signaling we investigated the role of arsenite and MAPKs for HO-1 gene regulation in primary rat hepatocytes. The Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 decreased sodium arsenite-mediated induction of HO-...

The development of maximal velocity and power in muscle depends on the ability to transmit action potentials (AP) at very high frequencies up to about 400 Hz. However, for every AP there is a small loss of K(+) to the interstitium, which during intense exercise, may build up to a point where excitability is reduced, thus limiting the intensity of further exercise. It is still unknown how the mu...

Laura Tolós1,∗), Angels Ramos2,∗∗) and Eulogio Oset3,∗∗∗) 1 FIAS, J.W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue 1, 60438 Frankfurt (M), Germany 2Departament d’Estructura i Constituents de la Matèria, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain 3 Departamento de F́ısica Teórica and IFIC, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Institutos de Investigación de Paterna, Ap. Correos 2208...

Introduction: Ultrasound is an easy and inexpensive method to rapidly assess the size of the adult liver. The literature addressing reliability of liver measurements using ultrasound is poorly reported and inadequate. In this study, intra and inter-rater reliability of multiple measurements of the right lobe, left lobe and entire adult liver were assessed. Methods: Two examiners acquired ultras...

Devices can now be powered wirelessly by Access Points (APs). However, an AP cannot transmit frequently to charge devices as it may starve other nearby APs operating on the same channel. Consequently, there is a need to schedule the transmissions of APs to ensure their data queues remain short whilst charging energy-harvesting devices. We present a finite-horizon Markov Decision Process (MDP) t...