The weak lensing magnification of distant light by clusters of galaxies, assumed to be virialized systems with an NFW density profile, was calculated analytically as a statistical average over a random non-evolving distribution within z = 1. The effect is exactly cancelled by the Dyer-Roeder beam in between clusters this conclusion is valid also for an ensemble of spherical clumps of arbitrary ...

The sheaths that invest the nerves of amphibia, insects and freshwater clams differ in structure. Previous studies have shown, though, that the nerves of all these animals have in common the ability to function for extended periods in sodium-free solutions (Krnjevid, 1954; Twarog & Roeder, 1956; Carlson & Treherne, 1969). In amphibia and insects, it has been shown that this capacity is lost if ...

Weak lensing leads to the non-Gaussian magnification distribution of standard candles at given redshift z, p(μ|z). In this paper, we give accurate and simple empirical fitting formulae of the weak lensing numerical simulation results with the generalized Dyer-Roeder prescription. The smoothness parameter α̃ essentially represents the amount of matter that can cause magnification of a given sourc...

It is shown with several concrete examples that the Dyer-Roeder approximation valid in spacetimes which fulfill condition fluctuations expansion rate along a light ray locally cancels shear contribution to redshift. This case for standard cosmological scenarios including perturbed FLRW spacetimes, N-body simulations and Swiss-cheese models. With another example it then illustrated possible cons...

We analyze the asymptotic behavior of a partial differential equation (PDE) model for hematopoiesis. This PDE model is derived from the original agent-based model formulated by Roeder (Nat. Med. 12(10):1181-1184, 2006), and it describes the progression of blood cell development from the stem cell to the terminally differentiated state.To conduct our analysis, we start with the PDE model of Kim ...

The insect central nervous system is enveloped by a continuous cellular and fibrous membrane, the perilemma, which has been shown to be a barrier to the inward diffusion of sodium and potassium ions (Hoyle, 1952, 1953; Twarog & Roeder, 1956), acetylcholine (Twarog & Roeder, 1956) and dyes (Wigglesworth, i960). On the other hand, this structure must also, as Wigglesworth (1959, i960) has pointed...

Cosmologies that match in a volume averaged sense need not generally have the same light propagation behaviors. In particular a universe with inhomogeneity may not demonstrate the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker distance-redshift relation even after volume averaging to FRW spacetime. Even the Dyer-Roeder prescription for incorporating inhomogeneity within a universe equivalent to FRW in an angle ave...

Distance relations in a locally inhomogeneous universe are expected to behave like the Dyer-Roeder solution on small angular scales and the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker solution on large angular scales. Within a simple compact clump model the transition between these asymptotic behaviors is demonstrated and quantified. The redshift dependent transition scale is of order a few arcseconds; this imp...

R. R. Reynolds,1 P. D. Cottle,1 A. Gade,2,3 D. Bazin,2,3 C. M. Campbell,2,3 J. M. Cook,2,3 T. Glasmacher,2,3 P. G. Hansen,2,3 T. Hoagland,2 K. W. Kemper,1 W. F. Mueller,2 B. T. Roeder,1 J. R. Terry,2,3 and J. A. Tostevin4 1Physics Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA 2National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michiga...