To support the sharing and reuse of formally represented knowledge among AI systems, it is useful to define the common vocabulary in which shared knowledge is represented. A specification of a representational vocabulary for a shared domain of discourse — definitions of classes, relations, functions, and other objects — is called an ontology. This paper describes a mechanism for defining ontolo...

Detecting and treating Alzheimer’s disease, before cognitive deficits occur, has become the health challenge of our time. The earliest known event in Alzheimer’s disease is rising amyloid-b. Previous studies have suggested that effects on synaptic transmission may precede plaque deposition. Here we report how relative levels of different soluble amyloid-b peptides in hippocampus, preceding plaq...

There are a number of problems associated with current windowing environments, such as the lack of consistency both within and between applications, the poor integration between applications, little or no interoperability, ‘hard-wired’ and inflexible interfaces, and the enormous cost of producing applications. These problems are examined, and a unified approach that addresses them is presented....

The Consortium on Automated Analytical Laboratory Systems (CAALS) has been formed with interested parties from the private sector and other government agencies at NIST to foster the creation of automated chemical analysis systems that will improve the quality of analytical data, facilitate the entire analytical process, and promote the standardization and transfer of analytical methods, while p...

An algebraic speciication of the-calculus is described. The speciication covers valid substitutions, , , and conversions, left-most reductions, and let-constructs for-deenitions. The complete speciication of the-calculus is given. By deriving parsers from signatures, and term rewriting systems from equations, tools are generated automatically from the speciication. Combining these tools by mean...