VANET is a subclass of MANET in which each vehicle acts as a node. In VANET Road Side Units (RSUs) are responsible for distributing group private keys and managing vehicles in a localized manner for every 100 to 300 m. Then, use a Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC) to avoid time consuming CRL checking and to ensure the integrity of messages. Cooperativemessage authentication scheme is main...

In recent years, the development of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) has increased the popularity of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). A VANET is designed to enable vehicles to exchange information about traffic or vehicle conditions to help other vehicles avoid traffic accidents or traffic jams. To resist malicious attacks, all vehicles must be anonymous and their routings must be ...

Road infrastructure plays a critical role in the support and development of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) paradigm. Roadside Units (RSUs), equipped with vehicular communication capabilities, traffic radars, cameras, other sensors, can provide multitude services enhance cooperative perception vehicles on road, leading to increased road safety efficiency. Moreover, central C-I...

Dynamic charging system will enable moving electrical vehicles (EVs) to charge their batteries through magnetic induction by charging pads (CPs) placed on a portion of the roadbed. To realize such a system, the EVs need to communicate with the various parts of the system that include a bank, a charging service provider (CSP), road side units (RSUs), and CPs. In this paper, we propose a secure a...

The Intelligent Transportation Systeim (ITS) utilizes Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Roadside (V2R) communication, enabled by Vehicular Ad Networks (VANETs), to implement many traffic safety application. Vehicles and Road Side Units (RSUs), in VANETs, periodically broadcast messages, known as beacons, contain many vehicle’s driving parameters such as current position, direction, speed,...

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have high requirements for real-time data processing and security of message authentication. In order to solve the computing power asymmetry between vehicles road side units (RSUs) in VANETs under high-density traffic, accelerate speed authentication, problems computational overhead long authentication time caused by use bilinear pairing encryption technology ...

According to car crash statistics, over sixmillionmotor vehicle crashes occur onU.S. highways each year. More than 42,000 people are killed in these accidents which injure three million others, and cost more than $230 billion each year. Astonishingly, five people die every hour in these crashes in the United States which is about one death every 12 minutes IVI (2001). In order to alleviate the ...

In vehicular ad hoc networks, roadside units (RSUs) placement has been proposed to improve the the overall network performance in many ITS applications. This paper addresses the budget constrained and delay-bounded placement problem (BCDP) for roadside units in vehicular ad hoc networks. There are two types of RSUs: cable connected RSU (c-RSU) and wireless RSU (w-RSU). c-RSUs are interconnected...

1. Extracellular single-unit recordings and controlled whisker stimuli were used to compare response properties between cells in the "barreloids" of the thalamic ventrobasal complex and those in the cytochrome oxidase-rich centers of the "barrels" in the first somatic sensory cortex. Individual vibrissae were deflected alone or in paired combination involving the neuron's maximally excitatory w...

In Vehicular Ad-hoc networks are networks of communication between vehicles and roadside units and inter vehicle units. It can be used to provide traffic management, route planning, and identifying roadside units using short-range wireless communication. This network has the potential to increase safety system and it can provide many services to drivers, but they also present risks to privacy a...