Forests are an important economic source for human and have key role in nutrient cycle, hydrology and ecosystem performance, any interference in this vital ecosystem causes to damage to forests. Mechanical logging and road construction in forest areas have led to much soil compaction. Soil physical and chemical properties were studied in parts of road and non-road in the Darabkola forest of Ira...

BACKGROUND Fast food restaurants reportedly target specific populations by locating in lower-income and in minority neighborhoods. Physical proximity to fast food restaurants has been associated with higher obesity rates. OBJECTIVE To examine possible associations, at the census tract level, between area demographics, arterial road density, and fast food restaurant density in King County, WA,...

OBJECTIVE To assess the association between indicators of exposure to motor vehicle-related air pollution and cardiovascular mortality in male adults. METHODS Information on roads and traffic volume for the year 2007 in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, was obtained from the local Traffic Engineering Division. Data on mortality from cardiovascular diseases among men aged >40 years i...

Salinization of surface water from sodium chloride (road salt) applied to paved roads is a widely recognized environmental concern in the northern hemisphere, yet practical information to improve winter road management to reduce the environmental impacts of this deicer is lacking. The purpose of our study was to provide such information by developing baseline concentrations for sodium and chlor...

On-road transportation is responsible for 28% of all U.S. fossil-fuel CO2 emissions. Mapping vehicle emissions at regional scales is challenging due to data limitations. Existing emission inventories use spatial proxies such as population and road density to downscale national or state-level data. Such procedures introduce errors where the proxy variables and actual emissions are weakly correla...

Research on spatial cluster detection of traffic crash (TC) at the city level plays an essential role in safety improvement and urban development. This study aimed to detect spatial cluster pattern and identify riskier road segments (RRSs) of TC constrained by network with a two-step integrated method, called NKDE-GLINCS combining density estimation and spatial autocorrelation. The first step i...

abstract recognition of effective factors on landslide occurrence and so high and low hazard region is one of the most important and necessary works for mitigation of landslide damages. in this study, from all of the effective factors on landslide occurrence, land use changes and road construction, into a parts of tadjan watershed with area about 708.08 square kilometers in south of sari, was s...

Road disturbances can influence wildlife health by spreading disease agents and hosts or by generating environmental conditions that sustain these agent and host populations. I evaluated field patterns of trematode infections in snails inhabiting ponds at varying distances from the Dalton Highway, a wilderness road that intersects northern Alaska. I also assessed the relationships between trema...

Recently, the use of linear features for processing remote sensing images has shown its importance in applications. As one of typical linear targets, road is a hot spot of remote sensing image interpretation. Since extracting road by manual processing is too expensive and time consuming, researches based on automatic and semi-automatic have become more and more popular. Such interest is motivat...