In developing countries where access to and use of renewable natural resources essential to rural livelihoods are highly contested, improving cooperation in their management is increasingly seen as an important element in strategies for peacebuilding, conflict prevention, and longer-term social-ecological resilience. While researchers have made important advances in recent years in assessing th...

This paper provides a comparative analysis of stock market dynamics of the 1987 and 2008 financial crises and discusses the extent to which risk management measures based on entropy can be successful in predicting aggregate market expectations. We find that the Tsallis entropy is more appropriate for the short and sudden market crash of 1987, while the approximate entropy is the dominant predic...

This article presents a framework for performing ensemble and hybrid data assimilation in a weak-constraint four-dimensional variational data assimilation system (w4D-Var). A practical approach is considered that relies on an ensemble of w4D-Var systems solved by the incremental algorithm to obtain flow-dependent estimates to the model error statistics. A proof-of-concept is presented in an ide...

Achieving high competitive advantage through Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has never been easy without proper management and appropriate utilization of ICT resources. Therefore, the statistics suggested that ICT project failures are very common in the organization due to several reasons; it fails to deliver the required objectives of investment, inaccurate budget planning, la...

Risk management is the process that has to be applied to all areas of business. The paper sets out to discuss risk management primarily in the field of information systems. Numerous national and international standards have dealt with this field of work. American National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed standards, instructions and guidelines for particular issues rela...