Ripples are high-frequency oscillations associated with population bursts in area CA1 of the hippocampus that play a prominent role in theories of memory consolidation. While spiking during ripples has been extensively studied, our understanding of the subthreshold behavior of hippocampal neurons during these events remains incomplete. Here, we combine in vivo whole-cell and multisite extracell...

Graphene has been touted as the prototypical two-dimensional solid of extraordinary stability and strength. However, its very existence relies on out-of-plane ripples as predicted by theory and confirmed by experiments. Evidence of the intrinsic ripples has been reported in the form of broadened diffraction spots in reciprocal space, in which all spatial information is lost. Here we show direct...

We have performed an experimental study of the transition of rolling-grain ripples toward vortex ripples. In particular, we have looked for the influence of the grains' diameter, the frequency of oscillation, and the grains' cohesion. We demonstrate that the rolling-grain ripples are transient patterns which do appear as soon as we are close to the threshold for grain motion, whereas vortex rip...

This paper concentrates on ripples on the surface of steel that arise from lasermaterial interaction. In particular we have observed two different sets of ripples on steel samples that were machined by 210 fs laser pulses with 800 nm wavelength at normal incidence. Small ripples were found with spacing of about 250 nm lying longitudinal to the vector of laser beam polarization. Big ripples exhi...

The default mode network (DMN) is a commonly observed resting-state network (RSN) that includes medial temporal, parietal, and prefrontal regions involved in episodic memory [1-3]. The behavioral relevance of endogenous DMN activity remains elusive, despite an emerging literature correlating resting fMRI fluctuations with memory performance [4, 5]-particularly in DMN regions [6-8]. Mechanistic ...

Due to enormous advantages, BLDC motors have been identified for the design in various applications. With its good power density, this motor is being used by automobile industry. The paper aims battery electric vehicle. major challenge of reduce torque ripples which appear because high cogging torque. Torque ripple results acoustic noise and vibrations vehicle badly affects performance efficien...

Observations: This project is part of the Ripples DRI, in which the spatial and temporal variations of the seabed are being examined in a field site on the West Florida shelf. We are using the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) REMUS (Figure 1) to make better measurements of the spatial distribution of ripples, both during active conditions as the ripples are modified during energetic sea-stat...