The three main Olympic horse riding disciplines are dressage, jumping, and three-day eventing (including dressage, cross country and jumping). In the jumping discipline (obstacle race), the 'team' (horse rider) is judged under the different conditions that might take place in a varied run. The horse is expected to show power and ability; the rider must show riding skill and good physical condit...

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY A comprehensive kinematic description of rider and saddle movements is not yet present in the scientific literature. OBJECTIVE To describe saddle and rider movements in a group of high-level dressage horses and riders. METHOD Seven high-level dressage horses and riders were subjected to kinematic measurements while performing collected trot on a treadmill. For a...

The controllers for active safety systems of motorcycles cannot be synthesized regardless by a suitable analytic dynamic model of the vehicle. Generally the analytical study and analysis of critical driving situations, falls and accidents is a complex task, since these events take place due to the simultaneity of different and complex phenomena. An analytical model able to capture the dynamics ...

Numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of alcohol and traffic policies in reducing automobile crashes and fatalities, but only a few have analyzed the impact of state-specific policies on motorcycle safety. Given the growing popularity and inherent safety risks of motorcycle riding, this study provides a comprehensive investigation of both fatal and non-fatal injuries. State-level lon...

The key road safety problem in developing world like ASEAN countries is motorcycle safety. Motorcycle is a popular mode of personal travel and formed as the major road user. Studies proved that segregation is the best engineering practice to save lives of motorcyclists. Acknowledging these benefits, the Malaysian government adopted a policy to provide motorcycle facility along its new highways ...

To obtain basic knowledge about selecting horses for therapeutic riding, the influence of equine conformation on rider oscillation and relationships between these factors and the evaluation on horses as the therapeutic riding were studied. Thirty-five riding horses were used. Equine conformation was estimated by 24 indices. Rider oscillation was measured by an accelerometer fixed at the rider's...

BACKGROUND Few data exist on the risk of injury while commuting to work or school by bicycle. The proportion of commuters choosing to travel by bike is increasing in the United States, and information on injury incidence and the influences of rider characteristics and environmental factors may suggest opportunities for prevention actions. METHODS Bicycle commuters in the Portland, OR, metropo...

In riding, most biomechanical studies have focused on the description of the horse locomotion in unridden condition. In this study, we draw the prospect of how the basic principles established in inter-personal coordination by the theory of Coordination Dynamics may provide a conceptual and methodological framework for understanding the horse-rider coupling. The recent development of mobile tec...