Background. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins, that represent a fundamental link between innate and adaptive immune responses. Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of TLR4 and TLR9 in the normal nasal mucosa and in the mucosa of subjects with different phenotypes of rhinitis. Methodology. A confocal analysis of TLR4 an...

Objective: To assess the usage of Homoeopathic Potentized medicine for managing chronic Rhinosinusitis.Materials and Method: Observational 30 case study rhinosinusitis did in our institutional opd given individual medicine.Result: During it was observed that almost all cases potentized responded well except one case.Conclusion: Homeopathic is very effective treating Rhinossinusitis.

Allergic fungal rhino sinusitis (AFRS) is a non-invasive resulting from an allergic and immunologic response to the presence of extramucosal hyphae in sinuses. Defined largely by mucin, which thick, tenacious, eosinophilic secretion with characteristic histologic findings. To present case series on variable presentations patients diagnosed AFRS. A retrospective study 10 cases that presented Raj...

Results The patient (smoker) complained on a variety of symptoms that were bothering her for more than 3 years: headaches, significant fatigue, nasal blockage, breathlessness on exercise and occasionally at rest. There were no ocular symptoms. She had several courses of antibiotics during this period with slight improvement. Careful history revealed progressive deterioration in her condition; t...

BACKGROUND Oral corticosteroids (OCSs) are widely prescribed in Otolaryngology-Head & Neck surgery (OtoHNS). There is evidence in the literature regarding specific dosing regimens. However, it is not known to what extent these recommendations are being implemented in practice. METHODS An anonymous online survey was sent to Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery members (N = ...