Ziff, Schmid, Lewis, and Tanner (1958) first reported that rheumatoid factors reacting with human Cohn fraction II gamma globulins assessed by means of a latex-fixation test (LEI) were aggregated in the families of hospital patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This evidence for familial aggregation was confirmed by Ball and Lawrence (1961) in the urban population sample of Leigh, England, the te...

background: single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) rs2476601 within protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 gene (ptpn22) has been shown to be a risk factor for different autoimmune diseases. this study explored the association of 1858 c/t snp with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) and celiac disease (cd) in a region covering south-west of iran. methods: totally, 52 patients with cd, 120 patien...

Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease of unknown aetiology. Twin studies indicate the importance of genetic as well as environmental factors. In terms of environmental factors, few risk factors are well established, and, in practice, rheumatoid arthritis cannot be attributed to any specific exposure. Descriptive studies imply a birth cohort effect in the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis. 4 We asse...

Anti-idiotypic antibodies to four monoclonal IgM, one polyclonal IgM, and one polyclonal IgA rheumatoid factors were produced in rabbits and tested for cross reactivity with rheumatoid factors from nine patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia, three patients with rheumatoid arthritis, four patients with systemic sicca syndrome, and one patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Variable...

Lymphocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients have been fused with drug-marked human myeloma cell lines and hybrids selected which secrete rheumatoid factors. Limiting dilution and soft agarose plates have been used to clone these hybrids, but so far stable clones have not been obtained. Epstein-Barr virus has been used to transform lymphocytes, and clones which secrete rheumatoid factors have...