1. introduction in intellectual paradigms and new rural approaches, it is important to use knowledge and information and subsequently the exchange and transfer tools and technologies. various functions of development can be evaluated easily in a close synergy relationship with information technology and communication functions (mohammad gholi nia et al., 2009). some researchers have explained t...

in july 2008, the iranian journal of ophthalmology (irjo) was selected by the institute of scientific information (isi) for inclusion in its science citation index expanded. this is a focal point in the history of the journal, and congratulations go to the iranian ophthalmic society! research is defined as any objective replicable enquiry the product of which is science.1 but this formal system...

1. introduction according to the main text of shahnameh, the sasanian yazdgerd iii after awareness of defeated his armies toward arabs and to be killed rostam farrukhzad, he consults with the elders of court and says to them “he wants to go of baghdad to marv and stay near ruler there mahoe suri that he is his bred. farrukhzad one of the leaders of that community to yazdgerd says: که این را ی...

Cumulative risk is a salient construct addressed in family dynamics research. There have been multiple relationships established among cumulative risk, parenting, and child outcomes through previous research. The current study furthered this body of research by addressing the role of parenting distress within models predicting parenting behaviors within a context of risk. Cumulative risk, paren...

introduction legumes after cereals are the second source of human food and in iran they are the second most important food after the wheat. legumes protein is four times as much as that of grains and 10 to 20 times as much as that of glandular plants. in addition, beans are planted in iran in a wide area and knowing optimal farming factors can be an important step in increasing them. one of the...

The laws of history have nothing in common with a pedantic schematism. (28) Unified growth theory captures the journey humanity over entire course since emergence Homo Sapiens Africa 500,000 years ago. It identifies and traces forces that governed process development during Malthusian epoch, eventually triggering phase transition which human species escaped from this poverty trap into an era su...

One of the most pervasive and undisputed gender stereotypes is that men are more aggressive than women. However, this stereotype has, until recently, led researchers to conclude that women are nonaggressive and, therefore, to ignore the topic of female aggression as a distinct phenomenon. The basis of the myth, factors supporting its maintenance, and theories of female aggression are examined. ...

It is well understood that individuals’ own goals are often in conflict with the goals and preferences of the people around them, but yet to be considered is how such interpersonal goal conflicts might emerge or escalate automatically in social situations. Past research suggests that individuals often automatically accommodate to the goals and preferences of the people around them; however, rec...

Although child maltreatment studies have demonstrated a link between parental aggression and peer relationship functioning in children, few studies have investigated this relationship in adolescents. The current investigation was approached with two main goals. The first goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between parental aggression and adolescent peer relationship intimacy ...