Even we human cannot solve the frame problem, that is, we cannot completely describe conditions for a certain action to succeed, nor can we completely predict what will happen as the result of an action. Nevertheless, in daily life we can act as if there were no such problem, because we use some heuristics to bypass it. In this paper, we propose that the concept of causality is the heuristics. ...

This article refers to:Retracted Article: Transformation of Non/Revolutionary Themes in Iranian Cinema: 1980s–2000s

China is a large agricultural country, yet the development environment of E-business in China is not mature. E-Commerce of agricultural products is a revolutionary change of traditional agricultural economy. This paper focuses on agricultural products’ electronic commerce in China. Firstly, the paper describes the current situation of electronic commerce. Afterwards, the paper uses Fuzzy Analyt...

In this paper, I call for a re-consideration of anarchism and its alternative ways of conceptualising spaces for radical politics. Here I apply a Lacanian analysis of the social imaginary to explore the utopian fantasies and desires that underpin social spaces, discourses and practices – including planning, and revolutionary politics. I will go on to develop – via Castoriadis and others – a dis...

By their very design, many robot control programs are non-terminating. To give a simple example one we shall use in this paper an office coffee-delivery robot might be implemented as an infinite loop in which the robot responds to exogenous requests for coffee that are maintained on a queue. Since a future coffee request is always possible, the program never terminates. As is the case for more ...