background and aims: plant certification programs need reliable, fast, cheap and sensitive methods for detection of systemic pathogens with special interest in virus and viroid detection. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) has been documented as an alternative assay for certification of plant propagating materials. the main object of the present study was the optimization ...

PPR also known as goat plague is an acute highly contagious disease of sheep and goats characterized by fever, catarrhal inflammation ocular nasal mucous membrane diarrhea. The present study was conducted for molecular detection isolation Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus in Punjab region. A total 150 samples; (25), (25) rectal swabs separately from were collected. These samples subjected ...

background noroviruses are one of the major viral pathogens responsible for gastroenteritis. outbreaks of diarrhea due to norovirus have been reported frequently. this study is performed to determine the prevalence of norovirus in fecal specimens of children with gastroenteritis. many viruses can cause gastroenteritis, including rotaviruses; adenoviruses types 40 and 41; sapoviruses; and norovi...


 Since December 2019, COVID 19 pandemic has devastated communities across the world. As number of patients recovered from continue to rise, question acquired immunity versus chances re-infection becomes critical understand future spread infection. Here, we present a case patient previously COVID-19, develops new symptoms concerning for possible with positive reverse transcriptase-polymera...

immunohistochemistry.Human turbinates were obtained after turbinectomy from 6 patients with nasal obstruction refractory to medical therapy. Total RNA was isolated from human nasal mucosa, and CysLT2 receptor mRNA was detected in these tissues by using reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis. To identify the cells expressing CysLT2 receptor protein, double immunostaining was performed using anti-Cys...

The respiratory pattern generator modulates the sympathetic outflow, the strength of which is enhanced by challenges produced by hypoxia. This coupling is due to the respiratory-modulated presympathetic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), but the underlining electrophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. For a better understanding of the neural substrates responsible for gener...

Borna disease virus (BDV) naturally infects horses, sheep, and several other species, including humans, and it is believed to be related to neurological disorders. BDV infection in domestic cats has also been demonstrated by serological assays. We demonstrated for the first time BDV RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 11 of 83 (13.3%) randomly selected domestic cats in Japan by neste...