Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in old-age. Early identification of AMD can allow for mitigation (but not cure). One of the fist symptoms of AMD is the presence of fatty deposits, called drusen, on the retina. The presence of drusen may be identified through inspection of retina images. Given the aging global population, the prevalence of AMD is incr...

Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) coupled with Case Based Reasoning (CBR) is a paradigm that is becoming increasingly popular in the diagnosis and therapy planning of medical ailments utilizing the digital content of medical images. This paper presents a survey of some of the promising approaches used in the detection of abnormalities in retina images as well in mammographic screening and de...

This paper describes the implementation in silicon of a retina-like sensor characterized by a space-variant resolution similar to that of the human retina. Besides the actual implementation using CMOS technology, the design peculiarities of retina-like sensors are compared with the use of software or hardware electronic remappers. The paper also describes the realization of a retina-like digita...

The study of the development vertebrate retina can be addressed from several perspectives: a purely qualitative to more quantitative approach that takes into account its spatio-temporal features, three-dimensional structure and also regulation properties at systems level. Here, we review ongoing transition toward full four-dimensional characterization developing retina, focusing on challenges e...

Humans can resolve the fine details of visual stimuli although the image projected on the retina is constantly drifting relative to the photoreceptor array. Here we demonstrate that the brain must take this drift into account when performing high acuity visual tasks. Further, we propose a decoding strategy for interpreting the spikes emitted by the retina, which takes into account the ambiguity...

This paper proposes a method for the Retinal image analysis through efficient detection of exudates and recognizes the retina to be normal or abnormal. The contrast image is enhanced by curvelet transform. Hence, morphology operators are applied to the enhanced image in order to find the retinal image ridges. A simple thresholding method along with opening and closing operation indicates the re...

Glossary Cue The signal or information in a two-dimensional image that can be used to infer or reconstruct the spatial relations in a three-dimensional scene. Depth Refers to the distance between a viewer and an object as well to the distance between two objects that extend away from a viewer. This is the missing dimension when depicting a three-dimensional scene in a two-dimensional image, whe...

Knowledge of the effect accommodation on image quality peripheral retina is crucial for better understanding visual system, but only a few studies have been carried out in this area. This study was designed to evaluate higher order aberrations from third sixth Zernike polynomials central and up 23° off-axis. We used Hartmann–Shack aberrometer measure coefficients with both accommodated non-acco...