Children who think poorly about themselves are considered at-risk for a myriad of negative outcomes. Thus, it is important to explore possible origins of such cognitions, particularly in young children. The purpose of this study was to examine the relations between various nonsocial behaviors (i.e., reticence and social withdrawal), observed peer acceptance at ages 4 and 7 years, and self-perce...

The moderating effect of maternal behavior in the relations between social reticence and shyness in preschool and subsequent social withdrawal was investigated. Eighty children (47 females) were judged for degree of social reticence during play with unfamiliar peers at the age of four and mothers completed the Colorado child temperament inventory (CCTI). At the age of seven, the children were c...

Reticence is a common problem faced by ESL/EFL teachers in classrooms, especially in those with mainly Asian students. The willingness to communicate model of MacIntyre, Clement, Dörnyei, and Noels (1998. ‘Conceptualizing willingness to communicate in a L2: a situational model of L2 confidence and affiliation’. The Modern Language Journal 82/4: 545–62.) postulates that willingness to speak is d...

Male infertility has been under-researched, and in part this seems due to a strong reticence by men to talk to researchers about infertility. Rather than suggest possible features of male infertility that might lead to this reticence, this paper explores how researchers have themselves accounted for the high nonresponse rates. The analysis details the way in which social scientific reasoning ab...

This study aimed to develop a pain attitudes questionnaire (PAQ) and examine its reliability and validity for use in assessing the constructs of stoicism and cautiousness relevant to pain perception. The questionnaire was administered to 373 healthy community-dwelling individuals who were subsequently divided into four age groups to test for differences in stoicism and cautiousness, two attitud...

In a prediction market using a logarithmic market scoring rule market maker, there exist joint probability distributions on signals such that agents have an incentive to bid against their own information—strategically misleading other agents in order to later correct the price. The dynamic parimutuel market suffers from another problem: even with uncorrelated signals, agents may have an incenti...