The European banking industry joined forces to achieve a fully integrated market for retail payment services in the euro area: the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA). Against this background, the present paper examines the fundamental relationship between retail payment business and overall bank performance. Using data from across 27 European markets over the period 2000–2007, we analyse whether ...

high and increasing beef marketing margin leads one to controversy about factors affecting it. this study using the monthly data for the 1998-2005 period to investigate the market power and to estimate how farm and marketing services supplies and retail demand determinants can affect beef marketing margin. the results show that farm, marketing services and retail level prices and thereby ma...

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to describe the national magnitude and characteristics of acute pesticide poisoning among workers and customers in retail establishments. METHODS Analyses included retail employees 15-64 years of age and customers with acute pesticide poisoning identified from the Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks-Pesticides (SENSOR-Pesticides) and Ca...

This paper uses two datasets to examine price dispersion spanning a 24-year period. The first dataset permits us to compare levels of retail price dispersion in 1976 and 2000, while the second allows for a comparison of retail dispersion in 1976 with dispersion in e-tail markets in 2000. Our results indicate that price dispersion in 2000 for both retail and e-tail markets is comparable to that ...

Present study provides brief information about the growth of retail industry in India. Present study will reviews the increasing awareness and brand consciousness among people diagonally different socio-economic classes in India as well as how urban and semi-urban retail markets are witnessing substantial growth. In India the enormous middle class and its almost unexploited retail industry are ...

OBJECTIVE The youth smoking rate is on the rise in Turkey. Although many marketing bans have been effectively implemented, regulations related to retail tobacco outlets have gone unnoticed and have not been effectively supervised. In this study, we aimed to show the lack of legal regulation related to the high retail tobacco outlet density with displays. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the center of ...

Paternal half-sibling Rambouillet ram lambs (n = 18) representing two muscle phenotypes were slaughtered at 54.5 kg to evaluate carcass characteristics and composition. Lambs were produced from a sire that was heterozygous for the callipyge gene. Carcasses were broken into wholesale and retail cuts to evaluate percentage bone-in retail yield of carcasses at various fat trim levels and percentag...

A Combined Retail Evolution model was developed for this study in fulfillment of Objectives 1 and 2. The Combined Retail Evolution model was developed from previous retail evolution theories (i.e., the conceptual and empirical literature reviewed in Chapter II), which provided detailed information about retail change and fragmented information about consumer change. No single retail evolution t...

The out-of-shelf problem is among the most important retail problems. This work employs two different classification algorithms, C4.5 and naı̈ve Bayes, in order to build a mechanism that makes decisions about whether a product is available on a retail store shelf or not. Following the same classification methods and feature spaces, we examined the classification performance of the algorithms in ...

in this paper, nonlinear adjustments and price transmission mechanism between the two levels of wholesale and retail for the egg market has been examined under the threshold vector error correction model (tvecm) framework using hansen and seo (2002)’s two-regimes). the unit root test showed that both wholesale and retail egg price series were integrated of order one . the johansen co-integratio...