Several analysis methods for nonstationary fluctuations are described and applied to the edge localized mode (ELM) instabilities of limiter H-mode plasmas. The microwave scattering diagnostic observes poloidal kθ values of 3.3 cm−1, averaged over a 20 cm region at the plasma edge. A short autoregressive filter enhances the nonstationary component of the plasma fluctuations by removing much of t...

One hotly debated philosophical question in the analysis of evolutionary theory concerns whether or not evolution and the various factors which constitute it (selection, drift, mutation, and so on) may profitably be considered to be “forces” in the traditional, Newtonian sense. Several compelling arguments assert that the force picture is incoherent, due to the peculiar nature of genetic drift....

Success of the puff-and-pump radiating divertor approach depends sensitively on both the divertor magnetic geometry and the ion B B drift direction. In the puff-and-pump scenario used in this study, argon impurities were injected into the private flux region, while plasma flows into both the inner and outer divertors were enhanced by a combination of particle pumping near both divertor targets ...

Perceived direction of gravity, as assessed by the subjective visual vertical (SVV), shows roll-angle dependent errors that drift over time and a bias upon return to upright. According to Bayesian observer theory, the estimated direction of gravity is derived from the posterior probability distribution by combining sensory input and prior knowledge about earth-vertical in a statistically optima...

Goal-oriented migrants travelling through the sea or air must cope with the effect of cross-flows during their journeys if they are to reach their destination. In order to counteract flow-induced drift from their preferred course, migrants must detect the mean flow direction, and integrate this information with output from their internal compass, to compensate for the deflection. Animals can po...

The impacts of linear environmental shears on beta drift direction are assessed through numerical experiments with a single-layer, primitive equation model. It is found that cyclonic (anticyclonic) shears turn the beta drift more westward (northward) in the Northern Hemisphere. In addition, the longitudinal shear of meridional flows (]V/]x) is much more effective than the meridional shear of zo...

Coordinate systems are a central issue in computational neuroscience: are they explicitly represented at some reductive level of brain function, and if so, are they only trivial products of associated anatomic geometries? This investigation examined these questions in the neural network that holds eye position, the so-called oculomotor integrator. Since neural activity in the integrator is beha...

In this paper we estimate zonal plasma drift in the equatorial ionospheric F region without counting on ion drift meters. From June 2001 to June 2004 zonal plasma drift velocity is estimated from electron, neutral, and magnetic field observations of Challenging Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP) in the 09:00–20:00 LT sector. The estimated velocities are validated against ion drift measurements by t...