Respiration provides oxygen (O2) and removes carbon dioxide (CO2) for the body. An extraordinary anatomic arrangement of functional units (the alveoli) delimited by extra-thin walls (epithelium and endothelium) creates the interface for gas exchange between air and blood. Repetitive expansion and collapse of the chest wall facilitates movement of gas in and out of the lungs. This review focuses...

OBJECTIVE To study the effectiveness and safety of non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation in the management of acute respiratory failure. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Regional public hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS One hundred and eighty-nine haemodynamically stable adult Chinese patients with acute respiratory failure (119 men and 70 women; mean age, 71.2 years [range, 18-92 years...

We examined the variability and determinants of the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) at rest and during exercise in 61 trained cyclists. Fasting (10-12 h) RER was measured at rest and during exercise at 25, 50, and 70% of peak power output (W(peak)), during which blood samples were drawn for [lactate] and [free fatty acid] ([FFA]). Before these measurements, training volume, dietary intake and ...

Methods Twenty recreationally active women (Mean ± SD; age 24.6 ± 3.9 yrs; height 164.4 ± 6.6 cm; weight 62.7 ± 6.6 kg; %fat 28.2 ± 4.8 %) participated in this randomized crossover, double-blind study. After preliminary body composition and maximal strength testing, each participant completed six exercise sessions, consisting of three exercise modalities: aerobic endurance exercise (AEE; 30 min...

We examined the effects of (-)-Hydroxycitrate (HCA) ingestion on fat oxidation during moderate intensity exercise in untrained men. Six subjects ingested 500 mg of HCA or a placebo for 5 days and did endurance exercise. Blood FFA concentrations were significantly increased and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) decreased by HCA ingestion. These results suggested short-term HCA ingestion increases...

The leptin receptor-deficient db/db mouse is a rodent model of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Diabetes in db/db mice shows an age-dependent progression, with early insulin resistance followed by an insulin secretory defect resulting in profound hyperglycemia. However, there is insufficient data on agedependent changes of energy metabolism in db/db mice. We demonstrated an age-dependent decrease i...

OBJECTIVE To compare and analyze the effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in two groups based on the peak respiratory exchange ratio (RERpeak) 1.1 values using the exercise tolerance test (ETT) results, and to investigate the reasons for early termination of ETT. METHODS Patients with acute coronary syndrome who participated in CR exercise training were selected and all subjects underwent 6...

To counteract insulin resistance, it is necessary to increase the utilization rate of fatty acids in blood and adipose tissue. The aim of the present study was to determine the relation between metabolic responses and exercise duration from changes in the respiratory exchange ratio (RER). The mean RER during 30 minutes of moderate exercise (mean pulse 115 beats/min) was 0.89 +/- 0.02, indicatin...