National health program legislation has been becalmed in the Congress for almost 80 years. Despite periodic cries of "crisis," legislation never emerges from committee. Periodically, campaigns have been mounted without success. Tactical efforts to circumvent direct action by legislating bits and pieces of related programs, Medicare and Medicaid, health maintenance organization support, and pre-...

Throughout the country, divergent interests are collaborating about how they would like particular national forests to be managed . Some of these initiatives are seeking place-based legislation as a way to secure such agreements, while others use an assortment of different approaches and memoranda of understanding . What is most remarkable about these initiatives is the similarities they share,...

To survive in the business, especially the online, world, an enterprise requires an effective security infrastructure. However, enterprises should bear in mind that there is often also a legal obligation to keep certain data or information secure, emanating from legislation such as intellectual property, data protection or trade secret legislation or from contract. A number of technological mea...

The European energy sector has been undergoing significant changes since the beginning of the liberalization process in the UK in 1989. In 2003 major parts of the electricity sector in Europe have been liberalized and the remaining parts will follow during the next few years. This paper focuses on the promotion of renewable energy sources as an alternative to fossil fuels when aiming at a susta...

Surrogacy has existed since Biblical times when Hagar, the maidservant of the infertile Sarah, acted as a surrogate to bear Sarah and her husband, Abraham, a son. Despite the longevity of the practice of surrogacy, modern society has been reluctant to embrace surrogacy arrangements due to the ethical and sometimes practical debates they spark. This reluctance is evidenced by the general lack of...

OBJECTIVE To review smoking policies of major international airports, to compare these policies with corresponding incountry tobacco control legislation and to identify areas of improvement for advancing smoke-free policy in airports. METHODS We reviewed smoking policies of 34 major international airports in five world regions, and collected data on current national and subnational legislatio...