The discrete time –cost trade-off problem (DTCTP) is one of the main aspects of project scheduling. In DTCTP , we treat cost as a non-renewable resource and the availability of renewable resource per period has been neglected. It was recently suggested that the quality of project should also be taken into consideration. Therefore, when renewable resources and quality are considered, the traditi...

THE successful integration of renewable energy into the power grid is expected to reduce the dependence of the grid on the fossil fuels. The potential renewable energy resources include light, wind, vibration, heat, biofuel, biomass, and tides [1], [2]. It is envisaged that the use of renewable energy will reduce the use of traditional energy resources, such as nuclear, oil, and gas, in the fut...

Renewable natural resources, such as solar radiation, rainfall, wind, and geothermal heat, together with ecosystem services, provide the elementary supports for the sustainable development of human society. To improve regional sustainability, we studied the spatial distributions and quantities of renewable natural resources and net primary productivity (NPP) in Hokkaido, which is the second lar...

The scarcity of non-renewable resources today is a more and more crucial issue for many branches of industry. To counteract these problems, extensive, timely and up-to-date information on non-renewable resources' supply and demand is essential. Nevertheless, this information today is distributed, heterogeneous and only available in an informal or semi-formal structure. Thus, companies often do ...