The effect of temporal variation in chemical composition on methane yields rendering plant wastewater was studied batch experiments at 37 °C. In total, 14 grab samples were collected from Monday through Friday (Day 1 to 5) a located Queensland, Australia. Each day, three collected: early morning (S1), midday (S2) and afternoon (S3). Chemical analyses showed that significant different total soli...

Plants are important objects in virtual environments. High complexity of shape structure is found in plant communities. Level of detail (LOD) of plant geometric models becomes important for interactive forest rendering. We emphasize three major problems in current research: the time consumption in LOD model construction and extraction, the balance between visual effect and data compression, and...

To render is to give something “cause be” or “hand over” (from the Latin reddere “give back”) and enter into an obligation do make like a decision. More familiar perhaps in computing, take image file convert it another format apply modification of some kind, case 3D animation scanning. animate volume. In this issue, we ask, what means research? How does rendering research typically reinforce ce...

Fast rendering and botanically faithful description of plants are a real challenge in computer graphics. Usually, plant production is computed using the method internode by internode, while there exist a lot of buds in an individual tree, therefore, this approach is quite time-consuming even for a medium-size tree. In this paper, we present a new algorithm based on substructure instances to qui...

prangos ferulacea (l.) lindl. (umbelliferae family) is a dominant species in the some partial of habitats in zagros mountains. according to ethno-botanical studies, this plant is one of the best range plants of iran. local ranchers collect green prangos while it is toxic. they then dry the plant and use it to feed their livestock, especially in winter season. this research done to analyse the c...

A Monte Carlo ray tracing system, known as 'the Advanced RAdiometric RAy Tracer' (ARARAT) has been developed as a tool for simulating radiance as measured by remote sensing instruments. The system takes 3-D geometric models of vegetation and/or surfac~ topographic data (Digital Elevation ModelDEM) with associated radiometric attributes, and renders a scene for given illumination conditions for ...

L-systems are widely used for plant modeling and simulation, with remarkable results. However, we argue that the mathematical formalism underpinning L-systems encourages inefficient rendering of plants which grow and change over time. We propose new types of rules which emphasize the incremental nature of change in a plant’s elements, and highlight an element’s relationships with other componen...