The landscape of the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is changing fast. Several oral treatments have shown benefit and generate much interest because of the convenience of their administration. Two oral compounds, fingolimod and teriflunomide, have been approved in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, while others have completed Phase III trials and are awaiting review for...

This paper draws on data from a representative city-wide household food security survey of Nairobi conducted in 2017 to examine the importance remitting households contemporary Nairobi. The first section provides an overview urbanization and rapid growth Nairobi, which has led growing socio-economic inequality, precarious livelihoods for majority, insecurity, as context more detailed empirical ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Gray matter may be affected by multiple sclerosis (MS), a white matter disease. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) is a sensitive and quantitative marker for structural abnormalities, and has been used frequently in the imaging of MS. In this study, we evaluated the amount of MTR of gray matter among patients with relapsing-remitting MS and healthy control subjects as wel...

BACKGROUND Novel immune checkpoint inhibitors have been often utilized for different types of malignancies as salvage therapy with varying success. One obstacle to immune checkpoint inhibitor use is the higher incidence of immune-mediated side effects that can prompt discontinuation of therapy. Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema has been described with immune checkp...

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the principal animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), the major inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Murine EAE is generally either an acute monophasic or relapsing disease. Because the clinical spectrum of MS is more diverse, the limited range of disease subtypes observed in EAE has raised concern regarding its relevance as a mod...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize the microscopic damage to the corpus callosum in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) with diffusion tensor imaging and to investigate the correlation of this damage with disability. The diffusion tensor imaging parameters of fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity provide information about the integrity of cell membranes, offering...

Glatiramer acetate, a synthetic amino acid polymer analog of myelin basic protein, is one of the first approved drugs for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Several clinical trials have shown consistent and sustained efficacy of glatiramer acetate 20 mg subcutaneously daily in reducing relapses and new demyelinating lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with re...

Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) has a highly variable clinical course but a number of demographic, clinical and MRI features can guide the clinician in the assessment of disease activity and likely disability outcome. It is also clear that the inflammatory activity in the first five years of relapsing-remitting MS results in the neurodegenerative changes seen in secondary progressiv...

We enrolled 116 patients in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of an 8-week course of 11 plasma exchange (PE) treatments in exacerbations of MS. The control group received sham PE, and both groups received identical treatment with IM ACTH and oral cyclophosphamide. Serum IgG decreased in the PE and sham treatment groups by 76% versus 22% by treatment 5, and by 64% versus 1...

PURPOSE To evaluate the performance of a cognitive and emotional test battery in a representative sample of depressed outpatients to inform likelihood of remission over 8 weeks of treatment with each of three common antidepressant medications. PATIENTS AND METHODS Outpatients 18-65 years old with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder (17 sites) were randomized to escitalopram, sertraline or ...