the potential equality and convertibility of all people. Stornig’s analysis of the exposition material reveals that religious and secular knowledge were deeply connected. Catholic academics established their theory on ‘cultural circles’ (Kulturkreise) by merging both types of knowledge. Much of their argumentation was based on pictures of bodies, used to construct differences. Marcel Dreier und...

This article examines the lived experiences of teachers who were either lay volunteers or Sister missionaries, working in education and health care. The research draws on oral histories, examining responses participants under a series thematic headings that unpack influence family life, schooling faith, while also exploring experience ‘in field’. attempts to compare women with Sisters (also som...

The region of Latgale/Polish Livonia lies on the intersection between Lutheran northern half Baltic and Roman Catholic southern part. Almost all local German nobility had accepted Lutheranism, but was politically a part Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Jesuit missionaries tried to re-Catholicise this region. religious contact surrounding pagan countryside diligently noted in reports, which becam...

american missionaries were active in mashhad since qajar period and the presbyterian mission first established a hospital in mashhad and set up a great project for construction of a school and church by purchasing a large piece of land in pāchinār neighborhood since 1301 sh/1923. this enterprise by the american missioners elicited various reactions from the scholars, businessmen and others to s...

Religion and dignity are a two-sided coin for followers of Indigenous Religions in Indonesia. Dignity is the relationally inherent worth both human non-human beings. To give receive dignity, one ought to be religious, which engage interpersonal relationships with all beings, non-human. This article draws on data from two decades engagement through extensive fieldwork, activism, community servic...

The focus on the care and feeding of missionaries and their families has dramatically increased over the past quarter century. Much of the literature in this area has emphasized the practical and clinical aspects of member care. In recent years, however, several authors have pointed to the need for more and better research to support member care efforts. Richardson (1992) cites the lack of empi...