In this paper, a newsboy model is developed under uniformly distributed lead-time and demand that is an appropriate assumption in obtaining optimal relief inventory of humanitarian disasters. It is noteworthy that limited historical data are in hand on relief operations. Hence, analytical and approximate solutions for optimal relief order quan­tity were derived. The effect of lead-time uncertai...

microstructural evolutions of twinning induced plasticity (twip) steel during tensile straining wereinvestigated by in situ sem observations. the results indicated that slip lines and mechanical twins aswell as surface relief were increased with increasing strain, resulting in a stepped surface. additionally,these deformation mechanisms could change the shape of each grain via shear and rotatio...

The coordination problem of relief items’ distribution operations is essential in humanitarian relief chains. If the coordination is proper, it will improve the response phase to the crisis. In order to improve the coordination in humanitarian relief chains, distribution and warehousing operations of relief items were outsourced to the third-party logistics. In this paper, the procurement-distr...

b a c k g r o u n d & aim: following the bam earthquake, relief teams and individual volunteers’influx in the scene. we conducted this survey to determine the needs and health status of relief workers when they were in the scene. methods  & materials:   this  was a concurrent  nested  mixed-method  survey  that  the qualitative nested   in  a  quantitative   approach.   interviews   were   thro...