Usually propagation-based constraint solvers construct a constraint network as a conjunction of constraints. They provide propagators for each form of constraint c. In order to increase expressiveness, systems also usually provide propagators for reified forms of constraints. A reified constraint b ↔ c associates a truth value b with a constraint c. With reified propagators, systems can express...

Debates of power, a shared limitation appears in discussing the concept as it takes on life its own. It adopts objectivity – this has to do with reification power thing that exists society. This can influence any social change and we must understand how overcome limitation. The paper explores changed over years. Presenting different views power. discusses process decision making. further societ...

The importance of provenance information as a means to trust and validate the authenticity of available data cannot be stressed enough in today’s webenabled world. The abundance of data now accessible due to the Internet explosion brings with it the related issue of determining how much of it is trustworthy. Provenance information, such as who is responsible for the data or how the data came to...

Tom Regan made this claim 20 years ago. What he maintains is basically that the fundamental wrong is not the suffering we inflict on animals but the way we look at them. What we do to them, what we believe we are allowed to do to them, is dependent on how we perceive or conceptualize them. We not only treat them as resources but prior to this we already think of them as resources, and when we l...

This paper presents observations and analysis of an activity of reification of professional practices within a community of practice. A case is examined of a distance community of tutors using a semantic Wiki for formalising their practices and a tool for storing and classifying documents. On the basis of the instrumental genesis theory, the author highlights the process of appropriation of the...

This paper explores the problem of reification as manifested in the fields of art and depth psychology. Byconsidering C. G. Jung’s interpretive strategy and contrasting this with the archetypal tradition’s focus onimage, the author seeks to outline and expand upon some of the theoretical tensions thus implied. It issuggested that the notion of reification is directly related to Jung...

This article concerns how a critical theory of reification should be conceptualized to grasp the 2007 crisis, state-imposed austerity, and rise right-wing authoritarian populism. It argues that Jürgen Habermas’s, Axel Honneth’s, Georg Lukacs’s interpretations cannot provide theoretical framework for social these developments due their inadequate theories domination, crises, character formation,...