Regulation of energy homeostasis requires precise coordination between peripheral nutrient-sensing molecules and central regulatory networks. Ghrelin is a twenty-eight-amino acid orexigenic peptide acylated at the serine 3 position mainly with an n-octanoic acid, which is produced mainly in the stomach. It is the endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptors. Since plasma...

Recently, it has been suggested that people’s chronotype is involved in regulating food intake and obesity. This study aimed to investigate the association between chronotypes with hormones related to appetite in adults in Tehran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 353 men and women aged 18-60 years using convenience sampling in Tehran municipality community centers. Informati...

A recently discovered class of receptors, melanocortin-3 and -4 receptor (MC3/4-R), are located within the brain and modulate feed intake in rodents. Stimulation of the receptor (agonist) inhibits feed intake whereas blockade (antagonist) of the receptor increases intake. Our knowledge of factors regulating voluntary feed intake in humans and domestic animals is very limited. i.c.v. administrat...

The innate violence inhibition mechanism (VIM) purportedly regulates maladaptive aggressive behavior through motor inhibition, in response to expressions of distress, and is implicated psychopathy-related aggression. Deficiency eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; an omega-3 fatty acid) aggression callous-unemotional (CU) traits, however, its relationship the VIM remains unknown. Two studies tested rela...

The occurrence of pregnancy induced hypertension in low-income young nulliparous women is confirmed in different reports and increase the risk of preeclampsia. More knowledge on the role of nutrients especially calcium demonstrates its major role in regulating blood pressure. Sufficient intake of pregnancy can prevent pregnancy induced hypertension. This study was conducted to evaluate efficacy...

Excessive sodium (Na+) intake in modern society has been associated with several chronic disorders such as hypertension. Several studies suggest that early life events can program physiological systems and lead to functional changes in adulthood. Therefore, we investigated behavioral and neuroendocrine responses under basal conditions and after 48 h of water deprivation in adult (60-day-old Wis...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Studies in animals suggest a physiological role for glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36)-amide (GLP-1) in regulating satiety. The role of GLP-1 in regulating food intake in man has, however, not been investigated. Subjects-Sixteen healthy male subjects were examined in a double blind placebo controlled fashion. METHODS The effect of graded intravenous doses (0, 0.375, 0.75, and 1.5 ...

The hypothalamic NPY system plays an important role in regulating food intake and energy expenditure. Different biological actions of NPY are assigned to NPY receptor subtypes. Recent studies demonstrated a close relationship between food intake and growth hormone (GH) secretion; however, the mechanism through which endogenous NPY modulates GH release remains unknown. Moreover, conclusive evide...