Availability: Public (only once status above is "Accepted") The question whether marginal cost pricing should be applied in the transportation sector has attained a great deal of attention during the last few years. It is argued that marginal cost pricing, or marginal social cost pricing – a term used when one wishes to emphasise that the pricing is applied by a government / regulator – would s...

We consider the problem of designing a pricing mechanism for precisely controlling the real-time balance in electricity markets, where retail brokers aggregate the supply and demand of a number of individual customers, and must purchase or sell power at the wholesale level such that the total supply matches total demand. This is typically done for future time periods by buying and selling power...

the option-pricing problem is always an important part in modern finance. assuming that the stock diffusion is a constant, some literature has introduced many stock models and given corresponding option pricing formulas within the framework of the uncertainty theory. in this paper, we propose a new stock model with uncertain stock diffusion for uncertain markets. some option pricing formulas on...

Supported by general revenues from the State of Texas. 16. Abstract In the United States, a significant number of individuals depend on the auto mode of transportation. The high auto dependency, in turn, has resulted in high auto travel demand on highways. The resulting traffic congestion levels, surging oil prices, the limited ability to address increased auto travel demand through building a...

In North America, electricity prices exhibit both temporal and geographic variation—the later exists due to regional demand differences, transmission inefficiencies and generation diversity. Using historical market data, we characterize the variation and argue that existing distributed systems should be able to exploit it for significant economic gains. We consider pricing in cloud computing sy...

awareness of wheat farmers’ personal preferences towards environmental issues and weed types is important in pricing bioherbicides for sustainable weed management and could consequently be a fundamental guide to agricultural authorities and policy-makers. in the present study, a survey was carried out by using data collected from 180 wheat farmers of korasan razavi province during 2008, togethe...

The main objective of this article is to present a comparative study of capital assets pricing models (CAPM) with extrapolating capital assets pricing models (X-CAPM) of companies admitted in Tehran Exchange Market which is accomplished for the first time by investigators of this research in Iran. Accordingly, the statistical population under study of this research includes all companies admitt...

In this paper we evaluate and compare long-run economic effects of six road-pricing schemes aimed at internalizing social costs of transportation. In order to conduct this analysis, we employ a spatially disaggregated general equilibrium model of a regional economy that incorporates decisions of residents, firms, and developers, integrated with a spatially-disaggregated strategic transportation...

Mortality modelling for the purposes of demographic forecasting and actuarial pricing is generally done at an aggregate level using national data. Modelling at this level fails to capture the variation in mortality within country and potentially leads to a mis-specification of mortality forecasts for a subset of the population. This can have detrimental effects for pricing and reserving in the ...