OBJECTIVES There is limited evidence on the relationship between labor factors and the decision to refrain from seeking medical services. This study aimed to examine how labor factors are related to medical service access among male and female workers in Tokyo and surrounding areas. METHODS We used data from 4,385 respondents to the survey in the Japanese Study on Stratification, Health, Inco...

This question, posed by our grade nine gym teacher who was doubling that day as sex educator, was a pivotal moment in sexual education at our Christian high school. It arose at the end of a lesson that laid out what our teacher assured us were the essential details of sexual activity. Above all, she explained, we were each going to have to be able to draw a line between what counts as sexual (i...

Higher rates of smoking initiation and continuation by female compared with male adolescents, as found in many developed countries, may call for gender-specific prevention programs. Risk factors of smoking initiation and continuation were examined prospectively (1997-2002) among 3205 Dutch elementary schoolchildren (mean age 11.64) in an intervention trial using written questionnaires and multi...

This study developed inoculation-driven antismoking interventions aimed at changing attitudes, norms and intentions about smoking to influence smoking behavior in adolescents. This study explored the efficacy of 2 intervention approaches designed to help adolescents to refrain from smoking initiation. Participants were junior high students (6th, 7th, and 8th grade) from schools in the Northeast...

In this paper we use German Microcensus data to investigate whether the positive relationship between higher levels of schooling and health is causal by exploiting a natural experiment in Western Germany. During the 1960’s and 1970’s the educational system greatly expanded in Western Germany, but the timing of the educational expansion differed between states. This introduces exogenous variatio...

BACKGROUND Employers seek to minimize business costs by creating conditions of employment. Relying on the presumably negative effects of smoking on variables such as workers' compensation claims, absenteeism and physical fitness scores, they seek a rational basis for requirements that employees refrain from smoking. No research has been found on police officer smoking rates relating to physical...

Fifty-eight 30-month-old children and their mothers were observed during a task in which the child was asked to refrain from touching an attractive toy. Child and maternal regulatory strategies were independently coded in 5-sec intervals. Consistent with past research, the ability to refrain from touching the toy was associated with less time orienting to the forbidden object and more time focu...