the theories concerning the issue of the soul are so various in the history of philosophy. the nature of the soul, its originatedness or eternity and quality of its relationship with the body are the most controversial issues in philosophical and theological discussions. ibn sina, as a peripatetic philosopher, in most of his writings, has accepted the aristotle's views on the originatednes...

The aim of this article is to trace the origins some key concepts Ibn Arabi’s metaphysics and cosmology in earlier Andalusian Sufi masters. Within context seminal works on produced from second half 20th century onwards through a comparison texts by masters Masarra Barraj?n, we will see which elements are taken previous sources how they transformed or re-interpreted ?Arab? philosophical-mystical...

abu al-thana' shihab al-din mahmoud alusi baghdadiwas one of the quranic commentators of the 13th century, a follower of naghshbandiyyahsufi order, and the author of the quranic commentary, ruh al-ma'ani.  one of the importantaspects of his commentary is the approach of the author to the tradition of themystical commentary. alusi had the mystical tendencies, and in some placesreflecte...

sahl ibn-abdullah tostari is one of the most outstanding and massine figures in the islamic mysticism. he has had much influence and impact on this sort of mysticism. one may notice his profound influence in any mystical sources and references. some orientalists have done studies conceming him and his immense influence as well. in this research, it has been tried to survey this impact through i...

1. The distinction between semelparity and iteroparity is one of the most fundamental in life-history biology. Despite an abundance of theory proposed to explain the evolution of this dichotomy, few quantitative empirical tests exist. 2. We report here on life-history variation in the perennial herb Arabis fecunda (Brassicaceae), in which differences in the frequency of iteroparity and terminal...

We analyzed sequence variation for chalcone synthase (Chs) and alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) loci in 28 species in the genera Arabidopsis and Arabis and related taxa from tribe Arabideae. Chs was single-copy in nearly all taxa examined, while Adh duplications were found in several species. Phylogenies constructed from both loci confirmed that the closest relatives of Arabidopsis thaliana include ...