1. Introduction Accurate centre-of-mass corrections for geodetic spherical satellites are expected to contribute to accurate determination of the scale of the earth, i.e., the scale of terrestrial reference frame and

Linearization of the nonlinear equations and iterative solution is the most well-known scheme in many engineering problems. For geodetic applications of the LEO satellites, e.g. the Earth’s gravity field recovery, one needs to provide an initial guess of the satellite location or the so-called reference orbit. Numerical integration can be utilized for generating the reference orbit if a satelli...

The geodetic monitoring of local displacements and deformations is often needed for civil engineering structures and natural phenomena like, for example, landslides. A local permanent GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) network can be installed: receiver positions in the interest area are estimated and monitored with respect to reference stations. Usually, GNSS geodetic receivers are ado...

In order to use fast static or real-time kinematic (RTK) cm-accurate positioning over larger distances, active GPS reference receiver networks have been established in parts of Germany with station distances of 30 to 50 km. Within these networks, the distance dependent error sources, like ionospheric and tropospheric refraction and broadcast orbit errors, are modelled satellite-by-satellite and...

Let G=(V,E) be a simple connected graph of order p and size q. A decomposition of a graph G is a collection π of edge-disjoint subgraphs G_1,G_2,…,G_n of G such that every edge of G belongs to exactly one G_i,(1≤i ≤n). The decomposition 〖π={G〗_1,G_2,…,G_n} of a connected graph G is said to be a distinct edge geodetic decomposition if g_1 (G_i )≠g_1 (G_j ),(1≤i≠j≤n). The maximum cardinality of π...

Abstract Metsähovi Geodetic Research Station (MGRS) of the National Land Survey Finland, has undergone a major upgrade. The first observations at MGRS were started in 1978. A decade-long reform began 2012, during which all systems renewed. This included Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) station, Laser Ranging (SLR) system, and dedicated geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometer (VLBI) ...

This paper presents a new form of quartic equation based on Lagrange’s extremum law and a Groebner basis under the constraint that the geodetic height is the shortest distance between a given point and the reference ellipsoid. A very explicit and concise formulae of the quartic equation by Ferrari’s line is found, which avoids the need of a good starting guess for iterative methods. A new expli...