An on-chip process, supply voltage, and temperature (PVT) compensation technique for low-voltage CMOS digital circuits was proposed. Because the degradation of circuit performance originates from the variation of the saturation current in transistors, we developed a compensation circuit consisting of a reference current that is independent of PVT variations. The circuit is operated so that the ...

To investigate the plasmonic effect in perovskite solar cells, the effect of depositing Au@SiO2 nanoparticles on the top and the bottom of mesoporous TiO2 layers was studied. First, Au@SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized. The particles were then deposited at the different interfaces of mesoporous TiO2 layers. Although the two structures show approximately similar optical absorption, only cells ...

This master thesis describes the design of a reference voltage stabilizer in a 180 nm CMOS process technology. A voltage reference is an analog circuit block that generates a voltage of known magnitude with little dependence on supply or process variations and with a well defined dependence on temperature. The supply variations can be caused by numerous internal and external sources and over a ...

A low-power CMOS current reference circuit was developed using a 0.35-μm standard CMOS process technology. The circuit consists of MOSFET circuits operating in the subthreshold region and uses no resistors. It compensates for the temperature effect on mobility μ and threshold voltage VTH of MOSFETs and generates a reference current that is insensitive to temperature and supply voltage. Theoreti...

A spatially distributed radio-frequency (RF) circuit, microwave, or millimeter-wave circuit does not have a global reference node as required in conventional nodal analysis. Instead, local reference nodes associated with ports are required. This paper adapts modified nodal analysis to accommodate spatially distributed circuits, allowing conventional harmonic balance and transient simulators to ...