Competitive producers hold inventories to reduce costs of adjusting production and to reduce marketing costs by facilitating scheduling and avoiding stockouts. Using data for copper, heating oil, and lumber, I estimate these costs within a structural model of production, sales, and storage, and / study their implications for inventory and price behavior. Unlike earlier studies, this work focuse...

abstract: an efficient supply chain system operates under a strategy to minimize costs by integrating the different functions inside the system and by meeting customer demands in time. in this paper, an integrated supply-production and distribution planning (spdp) is considered despite the fact that in most of the papers, part of the supply chain has been studied, not all parts. therefore, we d...

With increasing competition in the business world and the emergence and development of new technologies, many companies have turned to integrated production and distribution for timely production and delivery at the lowest cost of production and distribution and with the least delay in delivery. By increasing human population and the increase in greenhouse gas emissions and industrial waste, in...

Soil density fractionation is a common tool to separate organic matter of different function and turnover. But it has not been tested so far how much soil material necessary obtain reproducible results. A reduction chemicals like polytungstate would further save valuable resources. Here, we show that weight from 25 5 g was significantly affecting Compared the commonly used 10–25 g, this corresp...

The purpose of the work is to draw attention existing hidden reserves increasing efficiency systems, in which solutions for their optimisation are associated with analysis models problems theory queueing networks (for example, transport support supply multiple orders). We talking about such that correlate precisely choice portfolio orders. Approaches systems considered, allowing consider random...