BACKGROUND Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection represents a major clinical challenge. Treatment is often based on empiric selection from relatively few options supported by limited clinical evidence. OBJECTIVE To review and evaluate the literature on therapeutic alternatives for recurrent C. difficile infection. DATA SOURCES The MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were sea...

recurrent and chronic infections in children are one of the most common reasons for physicians' visits that make a diagnostic challenge to pediatricians. although the majority of referred  children  with  recurrent  infections  are  normal,  underlying causes  of  recurrent infection  such  as  atopy,  anatomical and  functional  defects,  and  primary or  secondary immunodeficiency must be con...

INTRODUCTION Recurrence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection following solid organ transplantation causes mortality and morbidity in allograft recipients. The aim of this study was to evaluate prevalence and risk factors of recurrent CMV infection in kidney transplant patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four hundred and twenty-seven consecutive kidney transplant recipients were included in this ret...

background: uropathogenic escherichia coli (upec) are major bacterial agent of urinary tract infection (uti). this infection is more prevalent among women because approximately half of all women will experience a uti in their life-time and near a quarter of them will have a recurrent infection within 6–12 months. iuta protein has a major role during upec pathogenesis and consequently infection....