This research presents an experimental investigation of the rehabilitation efficiency damaged hybrid reinforced concrete beams with openings in shear region. The study investigates difference retrofitting ability compared to traditional and effect two one opening equalized holes area. Five RC classified into groups, A B, were primarily tested full-failure under two-point loads. first group (A) ...

In the current investigation, four reinforced concrete beams with square cross sectional area were poured and tested up to failure under action of three-point loads. Three them designed contain small web openings different shapes, square, rectangular circular while other beam had no (control beam) for purpose comparison findings. The load–deflection traces successfully obtained specimens. resul...

The rapidly growing world energy use has already raised concerns over energy resources and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Since the global contribution from residential buildings towards energy consumption, has steadily increased between 20% and 40% and as large openings have considerable energy and heat loss in dwellings, this paper establishes a coefficient of heat loss and air infiltration ...

Though the transitive closure of a reflexive and symmetric fuzzy relation R is unique and there are several algorithms to calculate it, there can be many transitive openings (maximal T -indistinguishability operators among the ones smaller than or equal to R). This paper presents a method to calculate transitive openings of a reflexive and symmetric fuzzy relation R. It is worth noticing that a...

0167-8655/$ see front matter 2009 Published by doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2009.12.018 * Corresponding author. Address: GIPSA-lab, Signa Institute of Technology, Grenoble, France. Fax: +33 4 E-mail addresses: [email protected] (S gipsa-lab.inpg.fr (J. Chanussot), [email protected] (J.A. Be (H. Talbot), [email protected] (B. Waske). Very high spatial resolution (VHR) images allow to feature man-ma...