background: disease-modifying drugs (dmds) are a significant expenditure for treating multiple sclerosis (ms). however, there is limited report on assessment of the cost-utility of dmds compared with symptom management in the presence of long-term data. this study aimed to assess the lifetime cost-utility from the iranian healthcare perspectives of 4dmds relative to symptom management alone in ...

Methods: In this quasi experimental and interventional study a sample of 20 MS patients (mean age: 36.75 years) with Expanded Disability Status Scale scores (EDSS) 1.0 to 4.0 were randomly assigned to a ‘pharmacologic treatment’ (Ph) group and a combination group of ‘pharmacologic treatment& treadmill training’ (PhTT). All these individuals used the drugs of choice ‘Rebif’ and ‘Avonex’. The int...

With the introduction of interferon- β 1b in 1993 as the first FDA-approved treatment for multiple sclerosis, the era of treatment of this incurable disease began, and its natural course was permanently changed. Currently, seven different treatments for patients with multiple sclerosis with different mechanisms of action and dissimilar side effect profiles exist. These medications include inter...

        The administration of b-interferon is a recognized treatment for multiple sclerosis. The frequency of side effects is an important factor in drug or product selection. In this study, the side effects of three available b<span style="font-family: TimesNew...

Background information Currently three interferon (IFN) beta preparations are registered for the treatment of certain stages of multiple sclerosis (MS). Two preparations (Rebif and Avonex) are produced from mammalian cells (CHO) and one preparation (Betaferon) from bacteria (E. coli). The two CHO-derived beta interferons are glycosylated products. The E. coli derived product, which is not glyco...

Technology: Cytokineand antigen-based immunosuppressive therapies for multiple sclerosis. Use: In the last decade partially effective disease-modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis (MS) have finally emerged. All require self-injection and include interferon-β (Betaseron, Avonex and Rebif) and glatiramer acetate (Copaxone). In general, these agents reduce the frequency of MS relapses by onethird...

Case study Female teacher, born 1963. First episode of multiple sclerosis (MS) in autumn 2003, medical diagnosis in spring 2004, Prednisone treatment, 7 week course. Since then Rebif® 44 injected 3 times per week, numerous side effects. Consequently considered possibilities of naturopathic treatment, initially magnetic field therapy, symptoms began to improve. After switching to energised inhal...

OBJECTIVE Interferon (IFN) beta has repeatedly shown benefit in multiple sclerosis (MS) in reducing the rate of relapse, the disease activity as shown with magnetic resonance imaging and, to some degree, the progression of disability; however, it is unknown how much the therapeutic response depends on the dose, the subgroup involved, and the disease stage. This multicentre, double blind, placeb...