objective(s) in this study we investigated the expression of gabaa receptor subunits during brain development. these receptors may change in the embryonic chick forebrain. materials and methodes the expression levels of four types of gabaa receptor gamma subunits (γ1, γ2, γ3 and γ4) were quantified in the embryonic chick forebrain at 32 hr, 3, 7, 14, and 20 days of incubation and day one after ...

background and aims: influenza a virus infects birds and some mammalian including human. h1 and h3 subtypes are circulated in both human and birds’ population. to determine the prevalence of the mentioned subtypes in birds, different captive bird species in tehran zoo, and affiliated centers in tehran were investigated for virus infection. methods: in this study, between november 2008 and febru...

background: watermelon silver mottle virus (wsmov), which belongs to the genus tospovirus, causes significant loss in cucurbitaceae plants. objectives: development of a highly sensitive and reliable detection method for wsmov.materials and methods: recombinant plasmids for targeting the sequence of nucleocapsid protein gene of wsmov were constructed. sybr green i real-time pcr was established a...