conclusions the prevalence of pandemic influenza viruses in recent years has caused financial losses as well as mortalities around the world. this shows the importance of the rapid diagnosis of common serotypes in our society. using real-time rt-pcr is recommended for the early diagnosis and the rapid identification of the individuals infected with pandemic influenza virus. background timely di...

understanding of the natural history of chronic hbv infection is useful for presenting the optimal management of chronic hbv infection. the aim of this study was to evaluate the natural history of chronic hepatitis b infection.in this cross sectional study, 219 untreated chronic hepatitis b patients from jan. 2010 to aug. 2012 were included. the subjects were classified in four groups based on ...

Brucellosis is primarily a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Brucella species. The genus Brucella contains highly infectious species that are classified as biological threat agents. In this regard, the identification of Brucella can be a time-consuming and labor-intensive process posing a real risk of laboratory-acquired infection to the laboratory staff. This stud...

this study was conducted to find out the prevalence, viral load and co-infection of hbv and hcv infection among patients seeking to hospital care in mashhad, iran. a total of 402 samples (349 samples for hbv and 53 for hcv) were received and were screened for hepatitis b and c during 2004 to 2014. viral loads of hbv dna and hcv rna were quantified by real-time pcr. among 349 collected samples, ...

in this paper we introduce and study an algebraic structure, namely grouplike. a grouplike is something between semigroup and group and its axioms are generalizations of the four group axioms. every grouplike is a semigroup containing the minimum ideal that is also a maximal subgroup (but the converse is not valid). the first idea of grouplikes comes from b-parts and $b$-addition of real number...