Refractory coeliac disease (RCD) is a rare complication of coeliac disease (CD) and involves malabsorption and villous atrophy despite adherence to a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) for at least 12 months in the absence of another cause. RCD is classified based on the T-cells in the intra-epithelial lymphocyte (IEL) morphology into type 1 with normal IEL and type 2 with aberrant IEL (clonal) by P...

Research that is integral into a 'learning healthcare system' can promote cost effective services and knowledge creation. As such, research is defined as a 'core function' in UK health service organisations, and is often planned through research and development (R&D) strategies that aim to promote research activity and research capacity development (RCD). The discussion focuses around the conte...

Although an extensive literature exists on the neurobiological correlates of dyslexia (DYS), to date, no studies have examined the neurobiological profile of those who exhibit poor reading comprehension despite intact word-level abilities (specific reading comprehension deficits [S-RCD]). Here we investigated the word-level abilities of S-RCD as compared to typically developing readers (TD) and...

Sympatric divergence in traits affecting species recognition can result from selection against cross-species mating (reproductive character displacement, RCD) or interspecific aggression (agonistic character displacement, ACD). When the same traits are used for species recognition in both contexts, empirically disentangling the relative contributions of RCD and ACD to observed character shifts ...

Previousworkwith the cryptic sister species pair of Þeld crickets,Gryllus texensisCade & Otte and Gryllus rubens Scudder, has implicated sexual selection in the speciation process. That study examined reproductive character displacement (RCD) in male song and female preference for song in G. texensis. No evidence of RCD was found. Here, we provide a similar analysis of RCD in G. rubens song and...

Photovoltaic (PV) ground faults have caused many fires in the U.S. and around the world. Recently, the American PV industry has discovered a blind spot in fuse-based ground fault detection that has spurred a transition to a number of alternatives traditionally used in European markets. This paper investigates the repeatability of one of these methods, residual current detection (RCD), using his...

RCD is a framework proposed to deal with recurring concept drifts. It stores classifiers together with a sample of data used to train them. If a concept drift occurs, RCD tests all the stored samples with a sample of actual data, trying to verify if this is a new context or an old one that is recurring. This is performed by a non-parametric multivariate statistical test to make the verification...

refractory celiac disease (rcd) is when malabsorption symptoms and villous atrophy persist despite strict adherence to a gluten free diet (gfd) for more than 12 months and other causes of villous atrophy have been ruled out.  rcd is considered a rare disease and almost exclusively occurs in adults. persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss are the most common symptoms in rcd. also, anemi...

In this paper we present a novel randomized block coordinate descent method for the minimization of a convex composite objective function. The method uses (approximate) partial second-order (curvature) information, so that the algorithm performance is more robust when applied to highly nonseparable or ill conditioned problems. We call the method Robust Coordinate Descent (RCD). At each iteratio...

IMPORTANCE Rotator cuff disease (RCD) is the most common cause of shoulder pain seen by physicians. OBJECTIVE To perform a meta-analysis to identify the most accurate clinical examination findings for RCD. DATA SOURCES Structured search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL from their inception through May 2013. STUDY SELECTION For inclusion, a study must have met the following criteria: (1) des...