X-ray scattering images collected on timescales shorter than rotation diffusion times using a (partially) coherent beam result in a significant increase in information content in the scattered data. These measurements, named fluctuation X-ray scattering (FXS), are typically performed on an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) and can provide fundamental insights into the structure of biological mol...

An optically dense ionization wave (IW) produced by two femtosecond (approximately 10/30 fs) laser pulses focused cylindrically and crossing each other may become an efficient coherent x-ray converter in accordance with the Semenova-Lampe theory. The resulting velocity of a quasiplane IW in the vicinity of pulse intersection changes with the angle between the pulses from the group velocity of i...

Femtosecond X-ray pulses from X-ray free-electron laser sources make it feasible to conduct room-temperature solution scattering experiments far below molecular rotational diffusion timescales. Owing to the ultra-short duration of each snapshot in these fluctuation scattering experiments, the particles are effectively frozen in space during the X-ray exposure. In contrast to standard small-angl...

Diffraction patterns were measured on a polycrystalline bcc Fe foil using a Mössbauer powder diffractometer with high sensitivity. Measurements with and without a magnetic field normal to the scattering plane showed large differences in the diffracted intensities of the different nuclear resonances. These magnetic effects on diffraction intensities were interpreted successfully with a single sc...

In neutron scattering by C2CI6 the incoherent contribution to the quasielastic linewidth gives information on the reorientational motion of the molecules by scattering on individual atoms. The coherent scattering contains in contrast also interference effects. With polarisation analysis it is possible to distinguish between coherent and spin incoherent scattering. If it is possible to modulate ...