ras-related genes, a ubiquitous eukaryotic gene family, encode small GTP-binding proteins (21-25 kD) that play a key role in the regulation of diverse cellular processes (Lowy and Willumsen, 1993). Depending on the amino acid sequence of encoded proteins and their cellular localization, the genes can be grouped into several subfamilies, such as ras, rul, rap, rho, rab, and ypt (Chavrier et al.,...

Receptor-stimulated Ca2+ signals come in several flavors. The Ca2+ signals can be decoded linearly or by integration of the response. How the duration of the signal conveyed by cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) changes is regulated is not well understood. Liu et al. (Liu, Q., S.A. Walker, D. Gao, J.A. Taylor, Y.-F. Dai, R.S. Arkell, M.D. Bootman, H.L. Roderick, P.J. Cullen, and P.J. Lockye...

through voltage-dependent ion channels activates Ras/ MAPK. Subsequently, four Ca1-dependent pathways p21 (Ras) is a small guanine nucleotide–binding proto Ras have been described; however, the functional tein that functions in signal transduction cascades that independence of the pathways is unclear, since cross– mediate cellular growth and differentiation. Ras is highly talk between different...

47 tumor samples, 45 of which were obtained at thoracotomy for non-small cell lung cancer were examined for mutational activation of the oncogenes H-ras, K-ras, and N-ras. A novel, highly sensitive assay based on oligonucleotide hybridization following an in vitro amplification step was employed. ras gene mutations were present in nine of 35 adenocarcinomas of the lung (all K-ras), in two of tw...

After many years of studies on the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), one of the central concepts is that the RAS forms an effective defence mechanism against low-sodium states and hypotension. Low-perfusion pressure sensed by the afferent arteriole, low-distal delivery sensed by the macula densa and low blood pressure sensed by the sympathetic nervous system increase renin release, leading to ang...

Receptor-stimulated Ca 2 signals come in several flavors. The Ca 2 signals can be decoded linearly or by integration of the response. How the duration of the signal conveyed by cytosolic Ca 2 concentration ([Ca 2 ] i ) changes is regulated is not well understood. Liu et al. (Liu, Q., S.A. Walker, D. Gao, J.A. Taylor, Y.-F. Dai, R.S. Arkell, M.D. Bootman, H.L. Roderick, P.J. Cullen, and P.J. Loc...

Altered expression of ras genes is a common event in human tumors. Transcriptional regulation of the H-ras1 proto-oncogene occurs through nuclear factors that recognize elements in the promoter region of the gene, in the f irst and fourth intron and in the VTR unit and involves al ternative spl ic ing and specif ic methylat ion patterns, as wel l . Aberrant levels of the Ras p21 protein are det...

This documentary research investigation examined the contribution of internal marketing on staff satisfaction in Ras AL-Khaimah Police United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study employed an explanatory and descriptive strategy with qualitative model. A sample 373 documents were selected read from 9604 list documentation purposively. Data was collected using assessments scrutinized thematic analysis ...