An intermediate in the biosynthesis of insulin has been isolated from anglerfish islets and shown to have the structure of insulin with the additional amino acid residues GlyThr-Lys attached to the NH2 terminus of the A chain. This intermediate can be produced in vitro by a rapid tryptic enzymic cleavage of anglerfish proinsulin; more extensive trypsin treatment converts this intermediate to in...

Despite the ubiquity of sleep across phylogeny, its function remains elusive. In this review, we consider one compelling candidate: brain plasticity associated with memory processing. Focusing largely on hippocampus-dependent memory in rodents and humans, we describe molecular, cellular, network, whole-brain and behavioral evidence establishing a role for sleep both in preparation for initial m...

background and purpose: microorganism-based synthesis of nanostructures has recently been noted as a green method for the sustainable development of nanotechnology. nowadays, there have been numerous studies on the emerging resistant pathogenic bacteria and fungal isolates, the probable inability of bacteria and fungi to develop resistance against silver nanoparticles’ (snps) antibacterial, ant...

objective(s): chitosan nanoparticles (cnps) were prepared based on the ionic gelation of chitoan with anionic compounds of ocimum basilicum leaf extract. materials and methods: after addition of ocimum basilicum leaf extract to chitosan solution, the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were determined by field emission scanning electron microscope (fesem), fourier transform infrared...

objective(s): in recent years, the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles has been the focus of interest because of their emerging application in a number of areas such as biomedicine. in the present study we report the extracellular biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (aunps) by using a positive bacterium named streptomyces fulvissimus isolate u from rice fields of guilan province, iran.materials a...

Transforming biology into an engineering practice has great potential to shape the industrialization of biology that will drive rapid development of novel microbial manufacturing platforms. These platforms will be capable of producing a vast number of sustainable industrial chemicals at scale from alternative renewable feedstocks or wastes (e.g., biomass residues, biogas methane, syngas, CO2) w...

The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) plays a key role in promoting stem elongation in plants. Previous studies show that GA activates its signaling pathway by inducing rapid degradation of DELLA proteins, GA signaling repressors. Using an activation-tagging screen in a reduced-GA mutant ga1-6 background, we identified AtERF11 to be a novel positive regulator of both GA biosynthesis and GA signalin...

Ornithine decarboxylase, a critical regulatory enzyme for polyamine biosynthesis, is highly inducible by growth-promoting stimuli in mouse epidermis but the enzyme level is only transiently elevated due to rapid turnover of the protein. Here we report that constitutive overexpression of the enzyme in the skin of transgenic mice causes several phenotypic abnormalities. Effects observed include d...

The developmental patterns of L-serine hydroxymethyltransferase, L-phosphoserine aminotransferase, L-serine aminotransferase and L-serine dehydratase were determined in rat liver. The results point to an increased capacity for serine biosynthesis de novo in the perinatal period. It is suggested that serine at this time, and also at weaning, may serve as a precursor, via the serine hydroxymethyl...